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Image
Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 17 Schematic of the direct current electrical potential crack monitoring system More
Book Chapter

By S. Shanmugham, P.K. Liaw
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002363
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article describes the test techniques that are available for monitoring crack initiation and crack growth and for obtaining information on fatigue damage in test specimens. These techniques include optical methods, the compliance method, electric potential measurement, and gel...
Book Chapter

By Ashok Saxena, Christopher L. Muhlstein
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002360
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... are to ensure suitability of the test data and to calculate growth rates from the data. The article presents an analysis of the crack growth data. Optical, compliance, and electric potential difference are the most common laboratory techniques, and the article reviews their merits and limitations. Forced...
Book Chapter

By Ashok Saxena, Christopher L. Muhlstein
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003317
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
..., such as electric potential or compliance. Precracking The K -calibration functions found in ASTM E 647 and E 399 are valid for sharp cracks within the range of crack length specified. Consequently, before testing begins, a sharp fatigue crack that is long enough to avoid the effects of the machined notch...
Image
Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 1048 Corrosion-fatigue fracture in aluminum alloy 7075-T6 tested in a 3.5% NaCl solution. During testing, specimen was subjected to an applied electrical potential of −0.700 mV as measured against a standard calomel electrode. A mixture of ductile striations (at A) and brittle striations More
Image
Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 1049 Corrosion-fatigue fracture in a specimen of aluminum alloy 7075-T6 tested in a 3.5% NaCl solution and, during testing, subjected to an applied electrical potential of −1.200 mV (versus −0.700 mV for the specimen in Fig. 1048 ). Surface shows brittle striations with typical More
Image
Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 1050 Corrosion-fatigue fracture in a specimen of aluminum alloy 7075-T6 that, like the specimen in Fig. 1049 , was tested in a 3.5% NaCl solution while subjected to an applied electrical potential of −1.200 mV. Note the extremely large striation spacing; only two readily apparent More
Book Chapter

By Jerzy Barglik, Dagmara Dołęga
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005877
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
...  T where A denotes the magnetic vector potential, φ e is the scalar potential of electric field, φ m is the scalar potential of magnetic field, and T is the vector potential of current density field. The distribution of the magnetic flux density ( B ) could be determined based...
Book Chapter

By Stan Silvus
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004173
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... by or accelerated by electrical potential differences, but in such cases, it is actually the electric-field strength (i.e., the ratio of potential difference to physical separation) that is the ultimate driving force; accordingly, during circuit-board design, spacing between adjacent electrical conductors must...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004225
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... units CE copper-accelerated acetic acid Ecell electrical potential AOD American National Standards CEOC Ecorr standard electrical potential API salt spray (test) Ee applied potential aq Institute CFC critical crevice temperature Eg breakdown potential AR argon-oxygen decarburization CISCC control rod...
Book

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.9781627081849
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005876
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... and the magnetic field obey a parabolic diffusion equation: (Eq 4) Δ E _ = j ω μ σ E _ (Eq 5) Δ H _ = j ω μ σ H _ For such problems, it is convenient to introduce the vector magnetic potential A or the electric vector potential T , expressed in terms...
Book Chapter

By B.E. Gore, W. Ren, P.K. Liaw
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003307
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
..., temperature, and number of completed cycles. As discussed in subsequent sections, the electric potential drop method, in which fluctuations in potential in a constructed voltage loop are monitored, is often used to calculate the crack length during testing. In order to prepare for this method, the specimen...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0006540
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... electrical potential Eo, Eo standard potential value Eappl applied potential Ebd, Eb breakdown potential Ecell reversible electrode cell potential Ecorr corrosion potential Ee equilibrium potential Eg galvanic potential Ep pitting potential; passivation potential Epass passivation potential Epit critical...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003719
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... rate per unit time GPS global positioning system angstrom dc direct current e natural log base, 2.71828. . . GTA gas tungsten arc AA Aluminum Association e electron E electrical potential GTAW gas tungsten arc welded ac alternating current Eo standard potential value Eappl applied potential h hour...
Book Chapter

By Peter L. Andresen
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002362
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
....) Temperature Types of environments: gaseous, liquid, liquid metal, etc. Partial pressure of damaging species in gaseous environments Concentration of damaging species in aqueous or other liquid environments Electrical potential pH Viscosity of the environment Coatings, inhibitors, etc. Maximum stress...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003158
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... the ends of a pair of dissimilar metal wires is deduced from a measurement of the difference in the thermo-electric potentials developed alone the wires. The presence of a temperature gradient in a metal or alloy leads to an electric potential gradient being set up along the temperature gradient...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002389
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... relying on retirement-for-cause philosophy to determine the end of service life for parts ( Ref 3 , 4 , 5 ). Despite the sophisticated methods of flaw detection that are available, defects and impurities are commonly present in all large components and can potentially escape detection. In the high...
Book Chapter

By E. Protopopoff, P. Marcus
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003578
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... are associated with specific electrode potentials. The charged interface results in an electric field that extends into the solution and has a dramatic effect. A solution that contains water as the primary solvent is affected by the electric field near the metal because of its structure. Water is polar...
Book Chapter

By M.K. Adler Flitton, E. Escalante
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003651
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... continuous corrosion rate data is to use electrical measurements that take advantage of the electrochemical nature of underground corrosion. Another method is to employ real-time electrical resistance corrosion probes. In the polarization resistance technique, the potential of a metallic specimen...