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elastomers
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Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003011
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article discusses the properties, chemical structures, and applications of different types of elastomers grouped based on their resistance to aging (oxidative degradation), solvents, and temperature. These include butadiene rubber, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, chloroprene...
Abstract
This article discusses the properties, chemical structures, and applications of different types of elastomers grouped based on their resistance to aging (oxidative degradation), solvents, and temperature. These include butadiene rubber, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, aerylonitrile-butadiene (nitrile) rubber, isobutylene-isoprene (butyl) rubber, ethylene-propylene (-diene) rubber, and silicone rubber. The article also provides an outline of the concerns related to the processing stages of rubbers or elastomers, including mixing or compounding, shaping, and vulcanizing or crosslinking.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003012
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract Additives for plastics and elastomers are used to increase the ease of processing and to improve the properties of the final product. Additives improve processing characteristics by increasing lubricity and by stabilizing the polymer. Additives that improve properties include those...
Abstract
Additives for plastics and elastomers are used to increase the ease of processing and to improve the properties of the final product. Additives improve processing characteristics by increasing lubricity and by stabilizing the polymer. Additives that improve properties include those that decrease static charge development and microbial activity and those that improve flame retardation characteristics, color, light stability, impact resistance, density and mechanical properties. This article focuses on the additives for polymers and elastomers that are used for improving processing--blowing agents, mold-release agents, lubricants, plasticizers, and heat stabilizers--and for improving properties antimicrobials, antioxidants, antistatic agents, colorants, fillers and fiber reinforcements, flame retardants, impact modifiers, light stabilizers, plasticizers, and heat stabilizers. Furthermore, it discusses the method for addition of these additives and the problems faced during compounding.
Book: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003848
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... Abstract Elastomers belong to a group of materials known as polymers that acquire their properties and strength from their molecular weight, chain entanglements, and crystalline regions. This article focuses on the use of elastomers as seals and describes its performance capabilities from...
Abstract
Elastomers belong to a group of materials known as polymers that acquire their properties and strength from their molecular weight, chain entanglements, and crystalline regions. This article focuses on the use of elastomers as seals and describes its performance capabilities from the point of a sealant. The important technical concepts that define the performance capabilities of the elastomeric part include polymer architecture (molecular building blocks), compounding (the ingredients within the polymer), and vulcanization of the elastomer shape. The article discusses the aggressiveness of the chemical environment, temperature, and minor constituents in the environment and in the material itself that affect the chemical resistance of the elastomer. It provides a discussion on performance evaluation methods, namely, immersion testing and application specific testing that are determined using ISO and ASTM standards. The article concludes with information on elastomer failure modes and failure analysis.
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 9 Guidance for use of plastics and elastomers in hydrofluoric acid (HF). Regions below and left of lines are suitable in uncontaminated HF. The down arrows (↓) are the upper limit of acid concentration for the material. (a) Vapor only. Materials: 1, PTFE, perfluoroalkoxy (PFA); 2
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 1 Thermoplastic elastomers are long-chain polymers that form from regions where polymer chains line up and crystallize.
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 2 Thermoset elastomers are long-chain polymers connected by cross links represented by circled Xs.
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 4 Elastomers may be cured in one or two stages. The stages proceed from top to bottom. (a) Polymer chains are not connected. (b) Heat drives the chemistry of cure. Many cross links are formed. Some polymer chains are well connected. Elastomeric properties are created. (c) Higher
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 5 Typical temperature capability comparison for various elastomers that is valid for dry air. Consult manufacturers for the duration of extended temperature range.
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 6 Chemical resistance of elastomers in 95% sulfuric acid measured by swell, showing influence of temperature during 2 month exposure
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 8 Property changes of three elastomers in ethylene oxide at 50 °C (122 °F), 672 h test per ASTM D 471 and D 412, WT, weight; VOL, volume; HD, hardness; Tb, tensile strength at break; M100, tensile modulus at 100 s, 20 °C (68 °F); Eb, elongation at break
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 11 Permeation rate of elastomers used for handling fuels. Fuel C at 23 °C (73 °F) tested.
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 6 Classification of the processes of friction leading to wear for elastomers (adapted after Moore, Ref 23 ). The diagram clarifies the role of friction in determining the wear mechanism for elastomeric polymers.
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Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 5 Classification of the processes of friction leading to wear for elastomers. The diagram clarifies the role of friction in determining the wear mechanism for elastomeric polymers. Adapted from Ref 22
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 3 Elastomer architecture shown by structured chemical formula. Structure has a strong influence on chemical resistance.
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Typical stress-strain curve for a fiber, a plastic, and an elastomer
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 5 Waves of detachment when an elastomer is slid against a hard and smooth surface. The rubber moves forward in the form of ripples of wave on its contact surface with a smooth and hard counterface. These so-called waves of detachment can produce wear in the form of rolls of detached
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 7 Damage created on the surface of an elastomer by isolated stress concentration. (a) Surface deformation pattern when a sharp needle or conical indentor with acute angle is slid on the surface of an elastomer. The elastomer surface is pulled in the direction of motion and fails
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Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 2 Morphology of a styrene-butadiene thermoplastics elastomer. Source: Ref 10
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Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 3 Effect of cross link density on elastomer properties. Source: Ref 19
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