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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006289
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... assurance of heat treated aluminum products is effectively used in conjunction with the measurement of surface electrical conductivity. This article provides a detailed discussion of the error sources in eddy-current conductivity measurements. It also presents useful information on the variation...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003234
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... of electromagnetic induction and is used to identify or differentiate a wide variety of physical, structural, and metallurgical conditions in electrically conductive ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic metals and metal parts. Eddy-current inspection is used: To measure and identify conditions and properties...
Book Chapter

By Ron Simpson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006450
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... or differentiate among a wide variety of physical, structural, and metallurgical conditions in electrically conductive ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic metals and metal parts. Eddy-current inspection can be used to: Measure or identify such conditions and properties as electrical conductivity, magnetic...
Book Chapter

By Rathindra DasGupta
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005341
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Fluoroscopic inspection and automated defect recognition Ultrasonic inspection Eddy current inspection Process-Controlled resonant testing Leak test Electrical conductivity measurements This article summarizes the application of these nondestructive tests to castings. The general subjects...
Book Chapter

By John A. Griffin
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006336
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... of the eddy currents that create the secondary magnetic field is a function of the material conductivity. So, in essence, eddy-current inspection is a very precise measurement of conductivity. Signal analysis using a complex impedance plot can provide significant information on materials processing...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005616
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... in a conductive material when the material is placed in a changing magnetic field. It can be used for both ferrous and nonferrous materials. Usually, a drive coil carrying an alternating current induces a swirl of circulating electrical currents, called eddy currents, as shown in Fig. 3 ( Ref 3 ).The eddy...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006477
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... scanning techniques. Model-based algorithms can be developed to use eddy-current signal amplitude and phase information to plot the array data in terms of the material electrical conductivity. The conductivity data collected with an array technique have been used to correlate the eddy-current measurement...
Book Chapter

By Vladimir Frankfurt, Philip Nash
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005857
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... the time delay of the reflected pulse from its tip. The electromagnetic methods are generally more accurate for measuring the depth of surface cracks in metal. The eddy-current technique is more precise for measurements of shallower cracks, and the ac field measurements for deeper cracks, where...
Book Chapter

By Deepak Ravindran, Yu-Chih Su
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0009152
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... on the electrical characteristics of the part, the presence or absence of flaws or discontinuities in the part, and the total electromagnetic field within the part ( Ref 19 ). Flaws such as cracks can be detected by the change in flow of eddy currents in the part ( Ref 19 ). Measurement of Material Flow during...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006445
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... within a conductive solid will create currents that are influenced by structural irregularities, including cracks and porosity. This characteristic has been used to measure carburized case depth in wrought steels ( Ref 4 , 5 ). The arrangement shown in Fig. 4 is used to measure a voltage drop...
Book Chapter

By G.R. Edwards
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001473
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... than it is with an eddy-current test. Flaw characterization based on ultrasonic tests is currently a matter of much interest. Flaw Size After a flaw has been detected and its nature determined, the next step is to measure its dimensions. Measuring the length of a flaw is straightforward. However...
Book Chapter

By S. Shanmugham, P.K. Liaw
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002363
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... emission techniques, ultrasonic methods, eddy current techniques, infrared techniques, exoelectron methods, and gamma radiography. The article explains the microscopy methods used to determine fatigue crack initiation and propagation. These include electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic...
Book Chapter

By Lesley D. Frame
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006449
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... allows NDE device measurement of wall thickness (Section 10.13.4) and requires NDE inspection to be full body, full length for most pipe grades (with options for ultrasonic, flux-leakage, eddy-current, and magnetic-particle testing, depending on the grade and specification level). Individual NDE...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006467
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... to the rotating probe method but is less expensive and can efficiently detect cracks resulting from the cold working process. This method, which can detect material flaws more than 0.6 mm (0.024 in.) deep, is illustrated in Fig. 13 . Fig. 13 Plot of eddy-current signal output versus flaw depth to measure...
Book Chapter

By William H. Warnes
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001109
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
...) in the superconductor and therefore results in a resistive loss. Alternating Current Losses The power loss associated with time-varying fields can be broken into three components (see Fig. 18 and Ref 23 ): Hysteresis Penetration Eddy currents Fig. 18 Measurements of the ac loss...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006443
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... by both direct measurements and comparisons to equipment known to be operating properly. The frequency and amplitude of the eddy current generating output can be directly measured. The adequacy of the scanning devices is most easily checked by scanning production parts with flaws located in critical areas...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006764
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Information on many parameters provided simultaneously The method is based on the indirect measurement of eddy currents when a coil conducting an alternating current is placed around or near the surface of the sample ( Fig. 8 ). The conducting coil carries a high-frequency alternating current...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003228
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
..., scratches, cracks, or color; strain in transparent materials; corrosion Often convenient; can be automated Can be applied only to surfaces, through surface openings, or to transparent material Paper, wood, or metal for surface finish and uniformity Eddy current Changes in electrical conductivity...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005863
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... can be heated by the process of electromagnetic induction, whereby an alternating magnetic field near the surface of a metallic (or electrically conductive) workpiece induces eddy currents (and thus heating) within the workpiece. The basic components of an induction system are the inductor (coil...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0007023
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... be measured layerwise ( Ref 51 ). The acquired data can be analyzed either in real-time during the fabrication, to monitor the process and part quality, or right after the build cycle is finished, to thoroughly inspect the parts for the presence of defects. Fig. 24 Illustration of an eddy current...