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eddy current
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Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003234
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Eddy-current inspection is a nondestructive evaluation method based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. Eddy-current methods are used to identify or differentiate a wide variety of physical, structural, and metallurgical conditions in electrically conductive ferromagnetic...
Abstract
Eddy-current inspection is a nondestructive evaluation method based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. Eddy-current methods are used to identify or differentiate a wide variety of physical, structural, and metallurgical conditions in electrically conductive ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic metals and metal parts. Giving a brief introduction on the uses of eddy-current inspection, this article discusses the operating principles and the principal operating variables encountered in eddy-current inspection, including coil impedance, electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, lift-off and fill factors, edge effect, and skin effect. It further describes different aspects of eddy current testing such as the selection of inspection frequencies and the types and configurations of inspection coils. The article also deals with the eddy current instrumentation and the discontinuities that are detectable by eddy-current methods.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006450
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... Abstract Eddy-current inspection is based on the principles of electromagnetic induction and is used to identify or differentiate among a wide variety of physical, structural, and metallurgical conditions in electrically conductive ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic metals and metal parts...
Abstract
Eddy-current inspection is based on the principles of electromagnetic induction and is used to identify or differentiate among a wide variety of physical, structural, and metallurgical conditions in electrically conductive ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic metals and metal parts. This article discusses the advantages and limitations of eddy-current inspection, as well as the development of the eddy-current inspection process. It reviews the principal operating variables encountered in eddy-current inspection: coil impedance, electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, lift-off and fill factors, edge effect, and skin effect. The article illustrates some of the principal impedance concepts that are fundamental to understanding of and effective application of eddy-current inspection. It discusses various types of eddy-current instruments, such as the resistor and single-coil system, bridge unbalance system, induction bridge system, and through transmission system. The article concludes with a discussion on the inspection of aircraft structural and engine components.
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in Nondestructive Inspection of Steel Bar, Wire, and Billets[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 25 Schematics of eddy-current flow. (a) Eddy-current flow around a probe coil for a sound billet. (b) Eddy currents flowing around the seam in a defective billet, thus altering the electrical loading on the probe coil
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Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 20 Eddy current distribution while applying low frequency vs. high frequency. Source: Ref 6
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in Hardness and Electrical Conductivity Testing of Aluminum Alloys[1]
> Heat Treating of Nonferrous Alloys
Published: 01 June 2016
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in Hardness and Electrical Conductivity Testing of Aluminum Alloys[1]
> Heat Treating of Nonferrous Alloys
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 7 Eddy-current conductivity as a function of aging time of unstretched 2024 aluminum alloy at different aging temperatures. Source: Ref 6
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in Hardness and Electrical Conductivity Testing of Aluminum Alloys[1]
> Heat Treating of Nonferrous Alloys
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 8 Eddy-current conductivity and hardness as a function of aging times of aluminum alloy 2024. (a) Aged at 150 °C (302 °F). (b) Aged at 190 °C (374 °F). Source: Ref 6
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Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 15 Rotationally symmetrical 2-D model of IFCC horizontal section: eddy current density vectors (right) and temperature distribution (left) in contact zone of melt and cold crucible
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in Principles of Superconductivity
> Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 20 The behavior of the penetration and eddy current losses as a function of ωτ where ω is the frequency of the ac magnetic field and τ is the natural decay time constant of the induced eddy currents
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 1 Two common types of inspection coils and the patterns of eddy-current flow generated by the exciting current in the coils. Solenoid-type coil is applied to cylindrical or tubular parts; pancake-type coil, to a flat surface. (a) Solenoid-type coil. (b) Pancake-type coil
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Published: 01 December 1998
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 3 Principal elements of a typical system for eddy current inspection of bar or tubing. See description in text.
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 7 Variation in density of eddy current as a function of depth below the surface of a conductor, known as skin effect
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 9 Types and applications of coils used in eddy-current inspection. (a) Probe-type coil applied to a flat plate for crack detection. (b) Horseshoe-shape, or U-shape, coil applied to a flat plate for laminar-flaw detection. (c) Encircling coil applied to a tube. (d) Internal, or bobbin-type
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 11 Four types of eddy-current instruments. (a) A simple arrangement, in which voltage across the coil is monitored. (b) Typical impedance bridge. (c) Impedance bridge with dual coils. (d) Impedance bridge with dual coils and a reference sample in the second coil
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Published: 01 January 1993
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Published: 30 November 2018
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Published: 01 January 2006
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 12 Example of array eddy current examination for a friction stir weld in an aluminum plate. (a) Photo showing friction stir weld in an aluminum specimen with locations of flaws. (b) Test results at 20 kHz. (c) Test results at 480 kHz
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Published: 01 December 2008
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