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eddy current inspection
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006450
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... Abstract Eddy-current inspection is based on the principles of electromagnetic induction and is used to identify or differentiate among a wide variety of physical, structural, and metallurgical conditions in electrically conductive ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic metals and metal parts...
Abstract
Eddy-current inspection is based on the principles of electromagnetic induction and is used to identify or differentiate among a wide variety of physical, structural, and metallurgical conditions in electrically conductive ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic metals and metal parts. This article discusses the advantages and limitations of eddy-current inspection, as well as the development of the eddy-current inspection process. It reviews the principal operating variables encountered in eddy-current inspection: coil impedance, electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, lift-off and fill factors, edge effect, and skin effect. The article illustrates some of the principal impedance concepts that are fundamental to understanding of and effective application of eddy-current inspection. It discusses various types of eddy-current instruments, such as the resistor and single-coil system, bridge unbalance system, induction bridge system, and through transmission system. The article concludes with a discussion on the inspection of aircraft structural and engine components.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003234
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Eddy-current inspection is a nondestructive evaluation method based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. Eddy-current methods are used to identify or differentiate a wide variety of physical, structural, and metallurgical conditions in electrically conductive ferromagnetic...
Abstract
Eddy-current inspection is a nondestructive evaluation method based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. Eddy-current methods are used to identify or differentiate a wide variety of physical, structural, and metallurgical conditions in electrically conductive ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic metals and metal parts. Giving a brief introduction on the uses of eddy-current inspection, this article discusses the operating principles and the principal operating variables encountered in eddy-current inspection, including coil impedance, electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, lift-off and fill factors, edge effect, and skin effect. It further describes different aspects of eddy current testing such as the selection of inspection frequencies and the types and configurations of inspection coils. The article also deals with the eddy current instrumentation and the discontinuities that are detectable by eddy-current methods.
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Published: 01 December 2008
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 3 Principal elements of a typical system for eddy-current inspection of bar or tubing. See description in text.
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 5 Simplified equivalent circuit (a) of an eddy-current inspection coil and the part being inspected. (b) to (d) Three impedance diagrams for three conditions of the equivalent circuit. See text for explanation.
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 23 Types and applications of coils used in eddy-current inspection. (a) Probe-type coil applied to a flat plate for detection of a crack. (b) Horseshoe-shaped or U-shaped coil applied to a flat plate for detection of a laminar flaw. (c) Encircling coil applied to a tube. (d) Internal
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 24 Arrangements of multiple coils used in eddy-current inspection, (a) absolute, (b) differential. See text for discussion.
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 33 Setup and encircling coil components for continuous eddy-current inspection of ferromagnetic or nonferromagnetic tubes up to about 75 mm (3 in.) in diameter
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 41 Setup and coil arrangement for the eddy-current inspection of longitudinal welds in ferromagnetic welded tubing
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 45 Low-frequency sliding-type eddy-current inspection probe used to detect cracks in the first or subsurface layers of multilayered structures. Courtesy of J. Pellicer, Staveley Instruments
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 53 Sealant trimming requirements for eddy-current inspection. (a) Sealant buildup that hinders detection of fatigue cracks in spar caps because probe capability is exceeded. (b) Sealant trimmed to dimension thin enough to allow probe to be positioned properly around fastener. Source: Ref
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 54 Eddy-current inspection of cracks located under installed bushings. (a) Schematic of typical assembly employing interference-fit bushings in a clevis/lug attachment assembly. (b) Reference standard incorporating an electrical discharge machined corner notch. (c) Probe coil positioned
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 55 High-frequency eddy-current inspection of surface and subsurface cracks in aircraft splice joints. (a) Calibration procedure involves introducing an electrical discharge machining notch in the reference standard to scan the fastener periphery using a circle template to guide the probe
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in Nondestructive Evaluation of Pressed and Sintered Powder Metallurgy Parts[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 24 Eddy current inspection for hardness testing of PM wedges at 10,000 parts/h. Source: Ref 20
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in Nondestructive Inspection of Steel Bar, Wire, and Billets[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 26 Rotary probe unit used for the eddy-current inspection of steel billets, and graph showing effect of position on speed as the probe unit traverses radially over one quadrant of a 102 mm (4 in.) square billet
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 4 Unit used for the probe-type eddy-current inspection of seamless steel tubing. A, outer cover, containing test head ( Fig. 4 ), in open position; B, one of four rotating eddy-current probe coils; C, reference-standard testpiece in position for calibration; D, one of eight paint-spray
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 5 Test head of the eddy-current inspection unit shown in Fig. 4 A, orifice for test pipe or tube; B, one of eight paint-spray guns for marking; C, reference-standard testpiece
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 3 Principal elements of a typical system for eddy current inspection of bar or tubing. See description in text.
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 9 Types and applications of coils used in eddy-current inspection. (a) Probe-type coil applied to a flat plate for crack detection. (b) Horseshoe-shape, or U-shape, coil applied to a flat plate for laminar-flaw detection. (c) Encircling coil applied to a tube. (d) Internal, or bobbin-type
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 3 Probability of detection (POD) curve for the automated eddy current inspection of titanium bolt holes
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