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Published: 01 December 2009
Fig. 8 Advanced racking fixture for proper distortion control More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005979
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... to control distortion in tools steels, namely, design, initial condition, machining procedure, and heat treatment. Distortion can occur both during and after heat treatment. The article discusses the chief ways to precisely control the extent of distortion by heat treating and auxiliary mechanical methods...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003510
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article provides an overview of the effects of various material- and process-related parameters on residual stress, distortion control, cracking, and microstructure/property relationships as they relate to various types of failure. It discusses phase transformations that occur...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007018
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... stress, distortion control, and cracking. This overview is followed by various selected case histories of failures attributed to the quenching process. distortion control quench cracking quenching residual stress steel QUENCHING is one of the more important heat treating processes, because...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007006
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... mechanical properties (hardness, strength, and fracture toughness) as well as distortion control. agitators heat exchangers quench system design quenchant agitation quenching selection criteria OPTIMAL QUENCH UNIFORMITY is essential if the potential for cracking, distortion, residual stress...
Book Chapter

By Volker Heuer
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005770
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... values can be predicted in industrial practices. It also discusses the improvements in distortion control with the application of gas-flow reversing and dynamic gas quenching. core hardness distortion dynamic gas quenching gas quenching high pressure gas quenching idler gears internal ring...
Image
Published: 01 December 2009
Fig. 6 Example of a press quench for controlling the distortion of a gear More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005809
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... controlled manner. This article provides a detailed account of the fundamental components of quenching machines, including the upright machine section, control panel, lower die table, tooling, and the base. In addition, it summarizes the critical factors affecting component distortion during press-quenching...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007013
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... quench. The goal of dynamic quenching is to reduce distortion. The variation of quench intensity is typically time-controlled. If the cooling speed is lowered, the thermal stresses and the transformation stresses can be reduced, thus producing less distortion. It is recommended to reduce quench...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002489
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... M.A.H. , Factors Affecting Distortion in Hardened Steel Components , Quenching and Distortion Control: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Quenching and Control of Distortion , ASM International , 1992 , p 251 – 258 2. Heat Treating , Vol 4 , ASM Handbook , ASM...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005941
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... steels. It provides useful information on selection of steels for heat treatment, and discusses the causes of residual stresses, distortion (size and shape), and size changes due to hardening and tempering. The article elucidates the control techniques for such distortions. It describes the importance...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005592
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract Fusion welding induces residual stresses and distortion, which may result in loss of dimensional control, costly rework, and production delays. In thermal analysis, conductive heat transfer is considered through the use of thermal transport, heat-input, and material models that provide...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006506
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
.... It discusses the quenchants that are used in quenching aluminum alloys, namely, hot or cold water and polyalkylene glycol. The article also describes the racking practices for controlling distortion and the level of residual stresses induced during the quench. aluminum alloys distortion solution heat...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005987
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... to the cost of distortion, in descending order of magnitude, are geometrical design, materials selection, manufacturing operation, and heat treating. Some of the effective approaches for distortion control are the optimization of key parameters across the process chain by leveraging design and process models...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006260
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... and distortion observed after quenching or during machining. Usually, distortion is controlled in aluminum parts by adding polymers to water quenchants to reduce the convective or film coefficient between the part and the water, as discussed further in this article. Quench Sensitivity of Alloys The most...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003195
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... are the minimization of distortion and undesirable residual stresses. Both theoretical and empirical guidelines to understand sources of common heat-treating defects and how they can be controlled are presented. A simple example is presented to demonstrate how thermal and phase-transformation-induced strains cause...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005799
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... process based on the control of three principal variables: temperature, atmosphere composition or carbon potential, and time. The article also describes the selection criteria for alloy, carbon sources, atmosphere types, and carbon monoxide level for endothermic carburizing atmospheres. It provides...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005802
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... and is controlled by the addition of methane gas or proprietary rectifiers to maintain its neutrality, parts are protected with a residual coating of neutral salt until immersion into the marquenching bath. Although martempering is used primarily to minimize distortion, eliminate cracking, and minimize residual...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005967
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
..., whether a distortion control or cracking problem ( Ref 3 ). Distortion and cracking are complicated processes. This article provides an overview of the effects of material- and process-related parameters on various types of failure. Fig. 1 Summary of the many causes of dimensional changes in a heat...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005947
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... costs occur in all countries. To minimize these costs, distortion control is one of the greatest challenges in modern economic production and is gaining in importance because of the current trends of downsizing or lightweight construction. Dimensional and shape changes caused by heat treatment have...