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distance-amplitude blocks

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006473
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... the variables that should be considered when selecting standard reference blocks and describes the three types of standard blocks ordinarily used for calibration or reference: area-amplitude blocks, distance-amplitude blocks, and blocks of the type sanctioned by the International Institute of Welding...
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 6 Standard reference blocks for use in straight-beam ultrasonic inspection. (a) Area-amplitude block. (b) Distance-amplitude block. Dimensions given on figures are in inches. (c) Example of set of cylinders. In most cases, cylinders have the surface opening of the flat-bottomed hole More
Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 10 Specification for example of a set of calibration blocks used for area-amplitude and distance-amplitude correction curves. Source: Applied Test Systems, Inc. More
Image
Published: 01 August 2018
and brittle PM material to the rest of the EMAT body. In addition to the coil current, the coil lift-off distance, h , determines the strength of currents induced in the test block and hence the strength of the shear wave that is generated. In (a), the distribution of return current in the test block More
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 2 Distance-amplitude curves for type 304 stainless steel showing effect of grain size on ultrasonic transmissibility. Tests were conducted at 5 MHz with a 30 mm (1 1 8 in.) diameter search unit on three reference blocks having various metal distances to 20 mm ( 3 4 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006472
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... for the reference blocks according to applicable codes and standards. It also provides the ASME, CEN, and ISO recommendations for examination of welds. The article concludes with information on the interpretation and analysis of TOFD images with an aid of sizing algorithms. sizing algorithm time-of-flight...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003285
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... small amplitude. The article also reviews the fretting rig for investigating fretting wear. sliding contact surface damage statistical analysis adhesive wear galling testing button-on-block galling test pin-on-flat galling test threaded connection galling test fretting wear profilometry...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006469
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... and gives a measurement of signal attenuation, while the pulse-echo method uses a single transducer that can measure both transit time (distance) and signal amplitude, and hence the attenuation together with other material and defect properties in the volume insonified ( Ref 1 , 2 ). The methods require...
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Published: 01 August 2018
gaging). (b) This double-racetrack coil was used in the EMAT shown in Fig. 3(a) . For the coil in Fig. 3(a) , the central area for the coil in (b) permitted surface current to be induced in the test block primarily in this region. The shield is a grounded conducting sheet many skin depths thick, so More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003236
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... and efficient scanning. The skip distance can easily be measured by using a separate receiving transducer to detect the nodes or by using an angle-beam test block, or it can be calculated. The region over which the transducer should be moved to scan the test piece can be determined once the skip distance...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001473
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... or inches, and the amplitude of signals must be calibrated in dB, relative to some reference reflector. This is achieved using standard calibration blocks that are made from the same material as the test piece and contain reflectors at known distances and of known dimensions. To calibrate the amplitude...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003669
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
..., amplitude, and distance between the specimen and the vibrating surface in a vibrating fluid—all influence the incubation and intensity of cavitation. The effects of varying these test parameters are described in the following paragraphs. Variations in Velocity and Pressure Variations in velocity...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006444
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... heating ( Ref 1 ). In the vibrothermography process, a specimen is vibrated at high amplitude with a transducer or exciter, making contacting surfaces, such as crack and delamination faces, clap and rub. Clapping and rubbing generates heat, which conducts to the specimen surface and is imaged using...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006877
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... of crack growth as a single loading block. Fig. 18 SEM images of constant-amplitude (CA) bands between flight blocks of a modified mini-FALSTAFF loading on the fatigue fracture surface of an AA7050-T7451 aluminum alloy specimen. Some of the flight blocks are indicated by arrows in the image at left...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006470
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... is accomplished within this distance) is a cycle. The number of cycles in a specific unit of time is the frequency, f , of the waves. The height of a crest or the depth of a trough in relation to the surface at equilibrium is the amplitude of the wave. The velocity of a wave, of a particular type...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006658
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... and nanoinfrared microscopy ( Fig. 2 ). Fig. 2 Images of polystyrene (PS)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block copolymer, a sample used to gage the performance of nanoinfrared techniques. Photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM) spectra correlate with the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra quite nicely...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002354
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... max − ε min The corresponding amplitudes of stress and strain are determined as the half ranges. Fig. 3 Primary quantities of the hysteresis loop The plastic strain range Δε pl is equal to the distance between the points of intersection of the hysteresis loop...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006982
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... been manufactured with the WAAM process. First, a calibration block containing machined flaws of different diameters is used to create an abacus that links the size of a defect to its amplitude in ultrasonic scans. Second, the calibration abacus is validated by cross-correlation with radiography...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005158
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... electrode and workpiece. The sparks travel through a dielectric fluid (typically a light oil) at a controlled distance. Both electrode and work must be electrically conductive. The EDM process has several advantages when machining difficult geometries or materials with poor machinability. Cavities with thin...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006665
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... The parameters on the right side of Eq 10 and 11 can be classified as scattering parameters (phase shift, ϕ j ( k ); backscattering amplitude, f j (π, k ); and mean free path, λ) and structural parameters (coordination number, N j ; bond distance, r j ; and Debye-Waller factor, σ j ). The summation...