Fig. 13 Lang topograph of a silicon crystal showing dislocations, including a Frank-Read source and thickness fringes. Source: Ref 20 More

Fig. 23 Bright-field image of polycrystalline aluminum showing dislocations as they often appear in metallic crystals. The dislocations appear as dark curved lines and exhibit dark contrast relative to the matrix due to the distortion of the atomic planes near the dislocations More

Fig. 58 Elastic displacement field associated with dislocations. (a) An edge dislocation at which the perfect part of the crystal is oriented far from the Bragg angle. (b) The transmitted intensity, I t , as a function of depth, z , below the entrance surface of the thin crystal More

Fig. 10 Schematic representation of a cross slip process of several dislocations at an obstable (X), if (a) planar slip or (b) wavy slip prevails. Source: Ref 24 More

Fig. 22 (a) X dislocation sources per unit volume emit dislocations over a radius L . Continued emission (and hence strain) requires that the outermost dislocations in each loop be annihilated by climb processes between nearby loops separated by the distance h . (b) A two-dimensional view More

Fig. 1 Slip and dislocations. (a) Ideal crystal. (b) Plastic deformation by slip in an ideal crystal from shear stress (τ) More

Fig. 14 Dense tangles of dislocations forming a cell structure in iron that was deformed at room temperature to 9% strain (a) and to 20% strain (b). Note that the average spacing between cell walls decreased as strain was increased. Thin-foil electron micrographs. Original magnification 20,000× More

Fig. 10 (a) Geometry of a row of edge dislocations, causing a misorientation between the two sections of the crystal. (b) Polished and etched surface of a germanium crystal revealing a subboundary by the row of etch pits associated with the dislocation cores. Reprinted from Ref 7 . Source More

Fig. 22 (a) X dislocation sources per unit volume emit dislocations over a radius L . Continued emission (and hence strain) requires that the outermost dislocations in each loop be annihilated by climb processes between nearby loops separated by the distance h . (b) A two-dimensional view More

Fig. 3 Individual dislocations (revealed by careful etching) that comprise a subboundary in germanium. HNO 3 -acetic-HF-bromine. 1500×. Courtesy of W.G. Pfann More

Fig. 4 Dislocations and subboundaries produced by polygonization in germanium annealed after deformation. HNO 3 -acetic-HF-bromine. 250×. Courtesy of J.R. Patel More

Fig. 5 Dislocations aligned on traces of slip planes in germanium deformed at low temperature. HNO 3 -acetic-HF-bromine. 200×. Courtesy of J.R. Patel More

Fig. 11 Dislocations in a small-angle tilt boundary in gold. Thin-foil transmission electron micrograph. See also Fig. 10 24,000×. Courtesy of R.W. Balluffi More

Fig. 12 Dislocations in a small-angle twist boundary in gold. Thin-foil transmission electron micrograph. See also Fig. 10 Courtesy of R.W. Balluffi More

Fig. 14 Bright-field image of martensite dislocations obtained using the (001) b reflection. Source: Ref 11 . Reprinted with permission More

Fig. 5 Dislocations, which have “knitted” themselves into small-angle subboundaries, in a specimen of unalloyed nickel that was cold rolled to a reduction of 8% and then annealed for 2 h at 600 °C (1110 °F). Thin-foil TEM specimen. 10,000× More

Fig. 2 Dislocations, which have “knitted” themselves into small-angle subboundaries, in a specimen of unalloyed nickel that was cold rolled to a reduction of 8% and then annealed for 2 h at 600 °C (1110 °F). Thin-foil transmission electron microscopy specimen. Original magnification: 10,000× More

Fig. 10 High-resolution electron microscopy image of misfit dislocations that accommodate the difference of the lattice constants of the two phases MgO and MgIn 2 O 4 . In (a), the Burgers vectors of the misfit dislocations are parallel to the interface. The MgO layer grows slowly More

Fig. 11 Critical condition for barrier-less nucleation of slip dislocations in stress field of plate periphery. Source: Ref 56 More

Fig. 13 Flow chart schematically illustrating the behavior of dislocations produced by strain hardening during continuous dynamic recrystallization (hatched arrows), the continuous increase of low-angle boundary (LAB) misorientations (gray arrows), and the absorption of dislocations More