Fig. 47 Crater formation during laser-dimpling process with physical phenomena. Source: Ref 199 More

Fig. 5 Examples of the dimple rupture mode of fracture. (a) Large and small dimples on the fracture surface of a martensitic type 234 tool steel saw disk. The extremely small dimples at top left are nucleated by numerous closely spaced particles. (b) Large and small sulfide inclusions in steel More

Fig. 4 Dimpled grain-boundary fracture in a small wedge-opening fracture sample, which aided formation of methane bubbles on the grains of 2.25 Cr-1.0 Mo steel exposed to high-pressure (21 MPa, or 3 ksi) hydrogen at 475 °C (887 °F). This is below the temperature where hydrogen attack would More

Fig. 1 SEM images of dimple-rupture fractures. (a) Fracture of low-alloy medium-carbon steel bolt (SAE grade 5). 1750×. (b) Equiaxed tensile dimples originating around the graphite nodules of ASTM 60-45-10 ductile iron. 350×. (c) Parabolic shear dimples in cast Ti-6Al-4V from torsional loading More

Fig. 20 Dimples in the ductile fracture surface of a permanent mold cast A356 Al-alloy More

Fig. 9 Dimpled rupture created by microvoid coalescence in a quenched and tempered steel. Note the presence of carbide particles in the bottom of several dimples. Palladium shadowed two-stage carbon replica. Because the image is a replica of the fracture surface, there is a reversal More

Fig. 13 A dual-dimple size observed in a 4150 steel. Material was isothermally transformed at 190 °C (375 °F) and was not tempered. Tested as a Charpy V-notch specimen at 0 °C (30 °F). Source: Ref 30 More

Fig. 19 Effect of loading conditions on dimple shape for loading modes I, II, and III. Mode I can be axial loading, bending loading, or a combination of bending and axial loading. Axial loading creates equiaxed dimples. Bending loading creates elongated dimples that face in the same direction More

Fig. 21 (a) The correlation of particle spacing with dimple size. Data are from several aluminum alloys, as indicated. Ellipse size indicates scatter. Source: Ref 44 . (b) Change in dimple size and onset of intergranular cracking as a function of aging time for a precipitation-hardened More

Fig. 56 Elliptical dimples (a) on the fracture surface of ductile torsion fracture of cast steels Source: Ref 42 . (b) Mode II dimples on wrought 6061-T6 aluminum tensile specimen. Courtesy of P. Werner, University of Tennessee More

Fig. 11 Stages in the dimpled rupture mode of ductile fracture. (a) Void initiation at hard particles. (b) Void growth. (c) Void linking More

Fig. 14 Stages in the dimpled rupture mode of ductile fracture. (a) Void initiation at hard particles. (b) Void growth. (c) Void linking More

Fig. 22 (a) Schematic of the formation of a dimple during grain-boundary bypass of a particle. r , radius of the particle; ρ, radius of the boundary curvature; θ, boundary bypass angle; γ boundary surface tension; γ AP and γ BP , the two particle/boundary surface tensions; and y o More

Fig. 30 Common sheet metal features: dimple, bend, cutout, and louvers More

Fig. 8 Different dimple geometries to be expected from three possible loading conditions. The dimple geometry can be valuable to the failure analyst in determining the loading conditions present at the time of failure. Courtesy of Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Source: Ref 21 More

Fig. 1 Crack propagation mechanisms: (a) cleavage crack propagation. (b) Dimple fracture due to coarse particles. (c) Dimple fracture due to fine particles. (d) Dimple fracture due to coarse and fine particles. (e) Intergranular crack propagation due to grain boundary precipitates. (f More

Fig. 6 Correspondence of the dimple size to the inclusion spacing in several aluminum alloys. This provides strong evidence that microvoids are nucleated at inclusions. Numbers represent aluminum alloy designations; ellipses indicate scatter. Source: Ref 8 More

Fig. 41 Effect of dimple depth on the wear life of solid lubricant film (1 = depth of 4 µm, load of 666 N (150 lbf); 2 = depth of 2 µm, load 666 N; 3 = ground surface, Ra = 0.6−0.7 µm, load 306 N (69 lbf); 4 = ground surface, Ra = 0.3−0.4 µm, load 126 N, or 28 lbf). Source: Ref 175 More

Fig. 42 (a) Effect of density of dimples filled with MoS 2 particles on wear life of solid lubricant film, and (b) friction coefficient as a function of time for samples with dimple density of 26% (1) and 42% (2). Load, P = 666 N (150 lbf). Source: Ref 175 More

Fig. 10 Effect of dimple shape and orientation on coefficient of friction in different lubrication regimes. Source: Ref 106 More