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dimensional metrology

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Published: 30 June 2023
Fig. 7 Example of dimensional metrology for a simple cube, using computed tomography data More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006967
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... Abstract As additive manufacturing (AM) gains maturity as a manufacturing technique for production in many industrial sectors, inspection as a tool for quality control gains importance. This article is focused on the field of dimensional metrology, which is typically concerned...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006764
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... with discussion about the concept of the probability of detection (POD), on which the statistical reliability of crack detection is based. The coverage includes the various methods of surface inspection, including visual-examination tools, scanning technology in dimensional metrology, and the common methods...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006974
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... Metrology and three-dimensional scanning Surface roughness Roughness R a values from ~2 to 100 μm depending on material, process, and parameters used Visual inspection Dimensional measurement (tactile probe, noncontact probe, microscopy) X-ray μCT Microstructure inhomogeneity...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006438
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
..., they must then be evaluated relative to their size, location, growth rate, growth mechanism, and likelihood that they are or will become a liability to the function or performance of a component. NDE comprises a large family of specific test disciplines including visual inspection, dimensional metrology...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006456
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... of nondestructive tests and dimensional metrology, because it is an ideal technique to carry out the defect analysis and the measurement of the outer as well as the inner geometry of a specimen without the need to cut it through (therefore preventing a complete nondestructive coordinate measurement). Thanks to CT...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006981
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
.... , and Weckenmann A. , Computed Tomography for Dimensional Metrology , CIRP Ann. , Vol 60 (No. 2 ), 2011 , p 821 – 842 , 10.1016/j.cirp.2011.05.006 12. Buzug T.M. , Computed Tomography from Photon Statistics to Modern Cone-Beam CT , Springer-Verlag , Berlin, Germany , 2008 13...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006675
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
...-scattering spectrometry (covered in Division 3, “Mass and Ion Spectrometry,” in this Volume) Contact angle, a surface-sensitive technique for single-layer atom detection and surface free-energy analysis White light interferometry, good for surface roughness analysis and three-dimensional contour...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0007023
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
...-dimensional (3D) printing, is a quickly advancing technology with significant potential, but it also faces significant challenges to its wide application. The layer-by-layer buildup allows 3D structures to be constructed from a feedstock material (powder or wire) that is fully melted by the energy input...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006658
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... types of microscopes: Three-dimensional (3-D) images: AFM images have magnification in the x -, y -, and z -axis. Magnifications in the z -axis can be as high as 1 billion and in the horizontal axis as high as 1 million. Vacuums, air, and liquids: An AFM can measure images...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006955
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
...) , 2021 , https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=933133 , accessed July 27, 2022 13. Lane B. and Yeung H. , Process Monitoring Dataset from the Additive Manufacturing Metrology Testbed (AMMT): Three-Dimensional Scan Strategies , J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. , Vol 124...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006978
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... of inspecting AM parts with postbuild NDE techniques. Computed tomography is the most common NDE method used to inspect AM parts due to its ability to penetrate the part with x-rays and create a three-dimensional recreation that shows any density variations. For parts that are very large, dense, or have high...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006954
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... in directed-energy deposition (DED) and electron beam PBF (E-PBF) also are mentioned. The metrological basis of thermography is discussed in the article. Background information on radiation thermometry is provided, including how the various equations are applied. Finally, specific examples and lessons learned...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 12 September 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23A.a0006897
EISBN: 978-1-62708-392-8
...-dimensional printing ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS were among the very first healthcare applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing. The field of 3D-printed orthotics and prosthetics has advanced significantly. These advancements include not only hardware and materials but also software, designs, and 3D...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006465
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process of joining materials to make parts from three-dimensional (3D) model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing and formative manufacturing methodologies. This article discusses various defects in AM components...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006958
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... manufactured parts is 3D scanning metrology, which works by using the scanned data of the printed part and directly comparing it with the CAD model using the metrology software. The direct comparison produces the results of any dimensional requirements and an overall color map that highlights the actual part...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.9781627084390
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0007020
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
..., and not until 1984 did Charles Hull’s foundational patent describe the AM process associated to a formally specified three-dimensional (3D) model. This 3D model specification, baptized STL for STereoLithography file format, is arguably the most famous AM file format to this day. However, when discussing STL, G...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003274
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract Hardness characterizes the resistance of the ceramic to deformation, densification, displacement, and fracture. It is usually measured with conventional microindentation hardness machines using the Knoop or the Vickers diamond indenters. This article discusses the metrology issues...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006965
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) creates parts layer by layer directly from three-dimensional computer-aided design data. This article discusses systematic ways to address the challenges in AM data integration by exploring various AM-specific data-integration scenarios that can improve...