diffractometers

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$Single-crystal diffractometers: (a) combination of four-circle kappa goniom...$

Single-crystal diffractometers: (a) combination of four-circle kappa goniom...

in Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction > Materials Characterization

Published: 15 December 2019

Fig. 5 Single-crystal diffractometers: (a) combination of four-circle kappa goniometer and charge-coupled device detector (image of Rigaku Oxford Diffraction instrument; source: Ref 14 ); (b) combination of three-circle goniometer and image plate detector (image of STOE IPDS II instrument More

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$Schematic representations of state-of-the-art neutron diffractometers. (a) ...$

Schematic representations of state-of-the-art neutron diffractometers. (a) ...

in Neutron Diffraction > Materials Characterization

Published: 15 December 2019

Fig. 5 Schematic representations of state-of-the-art neutron diffractometers. (a) Reactor-based instrument, D20 at the Institut Laue-Langevin in France, allowing access to multiple incident wavelengths through gaps in the biological shielding of heavy concrete. These are placed to match More

Book Chapter

X-Ray Powder Diffraction

By Raymond P. Goehner, Monte C. Nichols

Book: Materials Characterization

Series: ASM Handbook Archive

Volume: 10

Publisher: ASM International

Published: 01 January 1986

DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001757

EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8

... devices, including pinhole/Laue cameras, Debye-Scherrer/Gandolfi cameras, Guinier cameras, glancing angle cameras, conventional diffractometers, thin film diffractometers, Guinier diffractometers, and micro diffractometers. The article then describes several quantitative measurement methods...

Abstract

X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) techniques are used to characterize samples in the form of loose powders or aggregates of finely divided material that readily diffract x-rays in specified patterns. This article provides an introduction to XRPD, beginning with a review of sensing devices, including pinhole/Laue cameras, Debye-Scherrer/Gandolfi cameras, Guinier cameras, glancing angle cameras, conventional diffractometers, thin film diffractometers, Guinier diffractometers, and micro diffractometers. The article then describes several quantitative measurement methods, such as lattice parameter, absorption diffraction, spiking, and direct comparison, explaining where each may be used. It also identifies potential sources of error in XRPD measurements.

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$Geometry of the Bragg-Brentano diffractometer. F, line source of x-rays fro...$

Geometry of the Bragg-Brentano diffractometer. F, line source of x-rays fro...

in X-Ray Powder Diffraction > Materials Characterization

Published: 01 January 1986

Fig. 8 Geometry of the Bragg-Brentano diffractometer. F, line source of x-rays from the anode of the x-ray tube; P, soller slits (collimator); D, divergent slit; A, axis about which sample and detector rotate; S, sample; R, receiving slit; RP, receiving soller slits; SS, scatter slit More

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$Schematic of a thin film diffractometer. A, line source of x-rays; B, axial...$

Schematic of a thin film diffractometer. A, line source of x-rays; B, axial...

in X-Ray Powder Diffraction > Materials Characterization

Published: 01 January 1986

Fig. 9 Schematic of a thin film diffractometer. A, line source of x-rays; B, axial divergence of soller slit; C, glancing angle; D, sample; E, equatorial divergence soller slit; F, detector More

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$Conventional four-circle diffractometer. Source: Ref 7$

Conventional four-circle diffractometer. Source: Ref 7

in Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction > Materials Characterization

Published: 01 January 1986

Fig. 12 Conventional four-circle diffractometer. Source: Ref 7 More

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$Eulerian cradle mounted on the ω-axis of a diffractometer. The unit vectors...$

Eulerian cradle mounted on the ω-axis of a diffractometer. The unit vectors...

in Crystallographic Texture Measurement and Analysis > Materials Characterization

Published: 01 January 1986

Fig. 6 Eulerian cradle mounted on the ω-axis of a diffractometer. The unit vectors S 0 and S depict the source and diffracted beams, respectively. The angles χ and η correspond to those shown in Fig. 2 . More

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$Double crystal diffractometer arrangements. (a) (+, −) setting. (b) (+, +) ...$

Double crystal diffractometer arrangements. (a) (+, −) setting. (b) (+, +) ...

in X-Ray Topography > Materials Characterization

Published: 01 January 1986

Fig. 18 Double crystal diffractometer arrangements. (a) (+, −) setting. (b) (+, +) setting. Source: Ref 27 More

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$Double crystal diffractometer (a) and beam expansion by reflection from two...$

Double crystal diffractometer (a) and beam expansion by reflection from two...

in X-Ray Topography > Materials Characterization

Published: 01 January 1986

Fig. 20 Double crystal diffractometer (a) and beam expansion by reflection from two asymmetrically cut crystals in succession (b). Source: Ref 24 , 38 More

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$Double crystal diffractometer for polycrystalline samples. Source: Ref 40 ...$

Double crystal diffractometer for polycrystalline samples. Source: Ref 40 ...

in X-Ray Topography > Materials Characterization

Published: 01 January 1986

Fig. 22 Double crystal diffractometer for polycrystalline samples. Source: Ref 40 , 41 More

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$Schematic diagram of a neutron powder diffractometer equipped with a multid...$

Schematic diagram of a neutron powder diffractometer equipped with a multid...

in Neutron Diffraction > Materials Characterization

Published: 01 January 1986

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of a neutron powder diffractometer equipped with a multidetector bank. M, monochromator More

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$Schematic diagram for a time-of-flight powder diffractometer. Incident wave...$

Schematic diagram for a time-of-flight powder diffractometer. Incident wave...

in Neutron Diffraction > Materials Characterization

Published: 01 January 1986

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram for a time-of-flight powder diffractometer. Incident wavelength is a function of time (rotor velocity) and detectors are stationary. More

Image

$Time-of-flight single-crystal diffractometer at a pulsed neutron source. De...$

Time-of-flight single-crystal diffractometer at a pulsed neutron source. De...

in Neutron Diffraction > Materials Characterization

Published: 01 January 1986

Fig. 4 Time-of-flight single-crystal diffractometer at a pulsed neutron source. Detector is usually fixed at 90° 2θ, and diffraction is recorded in Laue's geometry. The sample (a single crystal) is positioned by Eulerian angle motions. More

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$LEED diffractometer. The vidicon camera can be interfaced with a computer t...$

LEED diffractometer. The vidicon camera can be interfaced with a computer t...

in Low-Energy Electron Diffraction > Materials Characterization

Published: 01 January 1986

Fig. 8 LEED diffractometer. The vidicon camera can be interfaced with a computer to record the diffraction pattern displayed on the fluorescent screen. More

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$Photograph of a miniature x-ray diffractometer for the one angle technique ...$

Photograph of a miniature x-ray diffractometer for the one angle technique ...

in Residual Stress Measurements > Mechanical Testing and Evaluation

Published: 01 January 2000

Fig. 14 Photograph of a miniature x-ray diffractometer for the one angle technique arrangement of XRD stress measurement. This device incorporates a Ruud-Barrett position sensitive scintillation detector and is capable of being inserted in a 101.60 mm (4 in.) inside diameter for measuring More

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$Schematic of x-ray diffractometer. Typically, the x-ray tube remains statio...$

Schematic of x-ray diffractometer. Typically, the x-ray tube remains statio...

in X-Ray Diffraction for Bulk Structural Analysis > Metals Handbook Desk Edition

Published: 01 December 1998

Fig. 8 Schematic of x-ray diffractometer. Typically, the x-ray tube remains stationary while the detector mechanically scans a range of θ angles. The sample also rotates with the detector such that diffraction is recorded from planes parallel to the sample surface. More

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$Low-energy electron diffractometer. The Vidicon camera can be interfaced wi...$

Low-energy electron diffractometer. The Vidicon camera can be interfaced wi...

in Low-Energy Electron Diffraction > Materials Characterization

Published: 15 December 2019

Fig. 8 Low-energy electron diffractometer. The Vidicon camera can be interfaced with a computer to record the diffraction pattern displayed on the fluorescent screen. The goniometer can be tilted in all three directions. More

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$Schematic showing key components of an x-ray powder diffractometer$

Schematic showing key components of an x-ray powder diffractometer

in Testing and Characterization of Ceramics > Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition

Published: 01 November 1995

Fig. 5 Schematic showing key components of an x-ray powder diffractometer More

Image

$Single-crystal diffractometer. (a) Euler and (b) kappa geometries$

Single-crystal diffractometer. (a) Euler and (b) kappa geometries

in Introduction to Diffraction Methods > Materials Characterization

Published: 15 December 2019

Fig. 13 Single-crystal diffractometer. (a) Euler and (b) kappa geometries More

Image

$Schematic of x-ray diffractometer. Typically, the x-ray tube remains statio...$

Schematic of x-ray diffractometer. Typically, the x-ray tube remains statio...

in X-Ray Powder Diffraction > Materials Characterization

Published: 15 December 2019

Fig. 3 Schematic of x-ray diffractometer. Typically, the x-ray tube remains stationary while the detector mechanically scans a range of θ angles. The sample also rotates with the detector such that diffraction is recorded from planes parallel to the sample surface. More

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Topics

diffractometers

Single-crystal diffractometers: (a) combination of four-circle kappa goniom...

Schematic representations of state-of-the-art neutron diffractometers. (a) ...

X-Ray Powder Diffraction

Geometry of the Bragg-Brentano diffractometer. F, line source of x-rays fro...

Schematic of a thin film diffractometer. A, line source of x-rays; B, axial...

Conventional four-circle diffractometer. Source: Ref 7

Eulerian cradle mounted on the ω-axis of a diffractometer. The unit vectors...

Double crystal diffractometer arrangements. (a) (+, −) setting. (b) (+, +) ...

Double crystal diffractometer (a) and beam expansion by reflection from two...

Double crystal diffractometer for polycrystalline samples. Source: Ref 40 ...

Schematic diagram of a neutron powder diffractometer equipped with a multid...

Schematic diagram for a time-of-flight powder diffractometer. Incident wave...

Time-of-flight single-crystal diffractometer at a pulsed neutron source. De...

LEED diffractometer. The vidicon camera can be interfaced with a computer t...

Photograph of a miniature x-ray diffractometer for the one angle technique ...

Schematic of x-ray diffractometer. Typically, the x-ray tube remains statio...

Low-energy electron diffractometer. The Vidicon camera can be interfaced wi...

Schematic showing key components of an x-ray powder diffractometer

Single-crystal diffractometer. (a) Euler and (b) kappa geometries

Schematic of x-ray diffractometer. Typically, the x-ray tube remains statio...

diffractometers

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