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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 19 Schematic of crack showing the differential aeration macrocell that establishes the crack-tip chemistry and the local microcell that is associated with metal dissolution and crack advance. Because the differential aeration macrocell is not essential to elevated crack growth rates, some More
Image
Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 23 Schematic of crack showing the differential aeration macrocell that establishes the crack-tip chemistry and the local microcell that is associated with metal dissolution and crack advance. Because the differential aeration macrocell is not essential to elevated crack growth rates, some More
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 2 Corrosion caused by differential aeration in a duct. Arrows indicate direction of current flow. Source: Ref 2 More
Book Chapter

By Safaa J. Alhassan
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003819
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... corrosion: galvanic coupling, differential aeration, alkalinity, and stray currents. The resistance of lead and lead alloys to corrosion by a wide variety of chemicals is attributed to the polarization of local anodes caused by the formation of a relatively insoluble surface film of lead corrosion products...
Image
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 6 Diagrams of the filiform-corrosion cell in steel (a), aluminum (b), and magnesium (c). Corrosion products and predominant reactions are labeled. Filiform corrosion is a differential-aeration cell driven by differences in oxygen concentration in the head versus the tail section More
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 10 The nail was removed from an outside door frame. Selective crevice-type corrosion was caused by differential aeration where an outer wooden panel was fixed to an inner wooden support. There are possible contributions from the different woods (a softer outer wood nailed to a hardwood More
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
surface. The variations in fluid and debris during the seasons contributed to corrosion processes that included underdeposit attack with differential aeration effects. Control: The design of the flat steel plate tank and its location contributed to the problem. A tank with a sloped top to allow water More
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
contacted the piling (differential aeration effects). Waterline attack was noted from the canal side of the piling, with preferential corrosion caused by short diffusion paths where the meniscus zone of the water contacted the metal. Control: Better coatings and/or cathodic protection are advantageous More
Book Chapter

By Christopher Hahin, Rudolph G. Buchheit
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003614
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... is favored over filiform corrosion when the RH approaches 100% ( Ref 1 ). Blistering is believed to result from the fact that at high humidities organic coatings become water saturated and permeable to oxygen, making it difficult to sustain differential aeration and separation of anode and cathode...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004213
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... of which a variety of different types exist. These include differential aeration cells, where different parts of a pipe are exposed to different oxygen concentrations in the soil, and cells created by differences in the nature of the pipe surface or the soil chemistry. This behavior is sometimes obvious...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003105
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... water retention, poor aeration, and poor drainage, all of which increase corrosion rates for steel. The most severe corrosion usually takes place at low elevations in poorly drained soils where there is minimal aeration. Differential Aeration Corrosion by differential aeration can result from...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003670
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... that are important in corrosion reactions (e.g., oxygen or nitrite inhibitors). Alternatively, their physical presence may form a slime or poultice, which leads to differential aeration cell attack or crevice corrosion. They may also break down the desirable physical properties of lubricating oils or protective...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003650
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... for departure. Some test methods involve the insertion of coupons or test panels into a conduit, with the environment at actual velocity and aeration. Other test methods involve the insertion of a test section into the flow line, especially if wall effects might be important. Still other tests require immersion...
Book Chapter

By Toshiaki Kodama
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003805
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... interface. Another low-loss area exists in the tidal zone approximately halfway between mean high-water and mean low-water levels. The minimum corrosion within the tidal zone and the secondary peak just below the tidal zone are due to differential aeration ( Ref 27 ). The continuously submerged zones...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006823
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... Technique , MATEC Web Conf. , Vol 39 , 2016 , p 01004 , 10.1051/matecconf/20163901004 10. Alkire R. and Nicolaides G. , Differential Aeration Corrosion of a Passivating Metal under a Moist Film of Locally Variable Thickness , J. Electrochem. Soc. , Vol 121 ( No. 2 ), Feb 1974...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003130
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
.... Local cells are formed by such nonuniformities in the metal as well as environmental nonuniformities, such as those created by differential aeration cells or by heavy metals plated out on the surface. Localized corrosion in a microscopic sense results from galvanic coupling and stray-current effects...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002471
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... ( Eq 4 ) and oxygen reduction ( Eq 5(a) , 5(b) ). Thus, referring to Fig. 5 , corrosion of nickel in deaerated acids will be confined thermodynamically to the E /pH “space” between line “a” and the line described by Eq 12 and 16 (at about −0.35 V SHE in Fig. 5 ), whereas in aerated acids...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004130
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... settlement. Biofilms produce an environment at the biofilm-surface interface that is radically different from that of the bulk medium in terms of pH, dissolved oxygen, and inorganic and organic species. In some cases, the presence of localized microbial colonies can cause differential aeration cells, metal...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003137
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Water line attack is a term used to describe pitting due to a differential oxygen cell functioning between the well-aerated surface layer of a liquid and the oxygen-starved layer immediately beneath it. The pitting occurs immediately below the water line. Impingement Various forms of impingement...
Book Chapter

By Peter Elliott
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003969
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
.... Selective crevice-type corrosion was caused by differential aeration where an outer wooden panel was fixed to an inner wooden support. There are possible contributions from the different woods (a softer outer wood nailed to a hardwood base); several woods are acidic in nature. Moisture could have condensed...