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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 4 Influence of deformation rate on hot-twist characteristics of low-carbon steels at 1095 °C (2000 °F). Source: Ref 27 More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003184
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... and copper alloys, magnesium alloys, and titanium alloys. It provides forging process variables such as stock preparation, heating and cooling of forgings, die lubrication, trimming, and cleaning of these metals and alloys. The article explains the effect of temperature, deformation rate, and die temperature...
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 43 Mg-0.5Zr alloy deformed at 500 °C (930 °F) and a strain rate of 0.002/min to a strain of 0.5 (tensile direction, horizontal). Creep by atom diffusion is revealed by precipitate-free regions (light). Pepper's reagent: 5 g malic acid, 2 mL HNO 3 , 0.5 mL HCl, and 97.5 mL ethanol More
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Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 25 Suggested variation ( Ref 29 ) in environmentally controlled crack-propagation rate with stress intensity for various crack-tip deformation rates COD. Note the suggested rate-controlling parameters and the fact that these relationships should be bounded by a maximum crack propagation More
Book Chapter

By H.W. Sizek
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003984
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
.../Forging Material workability can be considered to consist of two parts: intrinsic workability, dependent on the chemistry and microstructure of the material, and the state-of-stress and extrinsic workability, dependent on the nature and rate of the applied stress in the deformation zone. Radial...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004018
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
.... It discusses the factors on which the structures developed during plastic deformation depend. These factors include crystal structure, amount of deformation, composition, deformation mode, and deformation temperature and rate. The article illustrates the microstructural features that appear after substantial...
Book Chapter

By Taylan Altan, Manas Shirgaokar
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003973
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... Abstract Hammers and high-energy-rate forging machines are classified as energy-restricted machines as they deform the workpiece by the kinetic energy of the hammer ram. This article provides information on gravity-drop hammers, power-drop hammers, die forger hammers, counterblow hammers...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003292
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... with a creep process: the stress and strain rate, strain rate or stress and temperature, strain rate or stress and grain size, and strain contributed by boundary sliding and total strain. The article describes the deformation characteristics and mechanisms of low-stress region, intermediate-stress region...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003258
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
..., the article details the various factors influencing workability in bulk deformation processes and formability in sheet-metal forming. mechanical testing metalworking workability product quality strength ductility hardness strain-hardening exponent strain-rate effects temperature effects...
Book Chapter

By Amit Ghosh
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004020
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... in which it was supposed that thermal fluctuations alone overcome an activation barrier, whereas in plastic deformation, the applied stress acts together with thermal fluctuations in overcoming the barriers, as indicated in the following development. Consider an activation barrier for the rate...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006964
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... stress, leading to an acceleration in the creep-deformation rate. Meanwhile, the increase in cavitation kinetics shortens the time required for cavity interconnection and reduces the creep life. In AM alloys, the cavity kinetics are usually much faster than in CM alloys due to their characteristic...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003254
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... the deformation response of the metal: strain rate, temperature, nature of loading, stress-corrosion cracking, and presence of notches. mechanical properties ferrous metals nonferrous metals forces deformation fracture mechanisms mechanical testing microstructure strain rate stress-corrosion...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003263
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... deformation of prismatic bars of circular cross-section and torsional response of prismatic bars of noncircular cross-section. It analyzes the elastic deformation, plastic deformation, and the effect of strain rate on plastic deformation. The article describes the theory of anisotropy in plastic torsion...
Book Chapter

By Tiffany A. Dux
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006493
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... such as workpiece and die temperature, strain rate, and deformation mode. The article describes the relative forgeability of the ten most widely used aluminum alloys, and reviews common forging equipment, including hammers, mechanical and screw presses, and hydraulic presses. It also discusses postforge operations...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0009011
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... to deformation levels equivalent to a true axial strain of 5 or more in tension, or a reduction of 90 to 95% in compression. Another attractive feature of the torsion test is that a constant true strain rate can be imposed on any given annular region of the specimen by simply twisting one end relative...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006919
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Abstract This article reviews the impact response of plastic components and the various methods used to evaluate it.. It describes the effects of loading rate on polymer deformation and the influence of temperature and strain rate on failure mode. It discusses the advantages and limitations...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004028
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... is within the cone formed by the normal vectors at the vertex. Such situation is depicted in Fig. 2(a) for the two-dimensional section of the SCYS of a fcc crystal. Anisotropy is highlighted by the fact that the directions of deformation rate and stress are not necessarily colinear. Plastic...
Book Chapter

By Sya Ensha
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006944
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Abstract The discussion on the fracture of solid materials, both metals and polymers, customarily begins with a presentation of the stress-strain behavior and of how various conditions such as temperature and strain-rate affect the mechanisms of deformation and fracture. This article describes...
Book Chapter

By B. Lynn Ferguson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002485
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
..., however, often result in net functional surfaces. The production rate for many deformation processes can be high, so that high-volume production requirements can be met with efficient machinery utilization. Advantages of deformation processing Table 1 Advantages of deformation processing...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005424
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
..., and diffusion, depending on the regime of temperature and stress (or strain rate). A processing window can be defined in terms of the active ranges of strain rate and temperature, which in turn determines the dominant deformation modes. That processing window here is limited to one in which slip is the dominant...