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Book Chapter
Information Sources and Databases for the Corrosionist
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003714
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract Remarkable changes in information technology have occurred, and information and data are now routinely available by way of the World Wide Web. This article lists selected information sources and databases and demonstrates the way they are accessed. It presents information...
Abstract
Remarkable changes in information technology have occurred, and information and data are now routinely available by way of the World Wide Web. This article lists selected information sources and databases and demonstrates the way they are accessed. It presents information for a corrosionist in five areas: societies and associations addressing corrosion and related topics; corrosion standards, specifications, recommended practices, and related topics; sources of corrosion information; corrosion databases and data compilations; and other web resources.
Image
in Statistical Interpretation of Corrosion Test Results
> Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 1 Time and environment dependency of databases and models. Source: Ref 2
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004025
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... is not known. For example, the chemistry and microstructure of the material prior to testing is generally not given, yet can have a significant impact. The final source of data is handbooks and online databases. There are many such sources, including the Atlas of Stress-Strain Curves ( Ref 9 ), which...
Abstract
The material data for forging can be divided into two categories, namely, mechanical properties and thermophysical properties. This article describes the flow characteristics of key engineering materials, such as steels, aluminum alloys, copper alloys, titanium alloys, and nickel-base superalloys. It discusses the thermophysical properties for designing or optimizing a metalworking process: specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity/diffusivity, and density.
Image
Portion of database of manual insertion times (in seconds) without fastenin...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1997
Fig. 2 Portion of database of manual insertion times (in seconds) without fastening for small parts where no holding down or regrasping is required. Copyright Boothroyd Dewhurst, Inc.; used with permission
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Book Chapter
Medical Device Materials Reference
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005687
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... Abstract This article tabulates materials that are known to have been used in orthopaedic and/or cardiovascular medical devices. The materials are grouped as metals, ceramics and glasses, and synthetic polymers in order. These tables were compiled from the Medical Materials Database which...
Abstract
This article tabulates materials that are known to have been used in orthopaedic and/or cardiovascular medical devices. The materials are grouped as metals, ceramics and glasses, and synthetic polymers in order. These tables were compiled from the Medical Materials Database which is a product of ASM International and Granta Design available by license online and as an in-house version. The material usage was gleaned from over 24,000 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Premarket notifications (510k), and USFDA Premarket Approvals, and other device records that are a part of this database. The database includes other material categories as well. The usage of materials in predicate devices is an efficient tool in the material selection process aiming for regulatory approval.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003390
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article begins with a discussion on the criteria for evaluating computer programs for composites structural analysis, including database capabilities, types of engineering calculations supported, interface and operating systems, and technical support. It describes the capabilities...
Abstract
This article begins with a discussion on the criteria for evaluating computer programs for composites structural analysis, including database capabilities, types of engineering calculations supported, interface and operating systems, and technical support. It describes the capabilities of programs, such as CompositePro, ESAComp, and V-Lab that provide a graphical interface, built-in databases, and integrated modules for the different types of analyses. The article reviews the modules of other programs used for composite analysis. The programs include ASCA, CADEC, CoDA, COMPASS, ESDU, LAP, PROMAL, and SACL. The article concludes with information on on-line programs and recourses.
Book Chapter
Modeling and Simulation of Microstructure Evolution during Heat Treatment of Titanium Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006277
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract This article describes the integration of thermodynamic modeling, mobility database, and phase-transformation crystallography into phase-field modeling and its combination with transformation texture modeling to predict phase equilibrium, phase transformation, microstructure evolution...
Abstract
This article describes the integration of thermodynamic modeling, mobility database, and phase-transformation crystallography into phase-field modeling and its combination with transformation texture modeling to predict phase equilibrium, phase transformation, microstructure evolution, and transformation texture development during heat treatment of multicomponent alpha/beta and beta titanium alloys. It includes quantitative description of Burgers orientation relationship and path, discussion of lattice correspondence between the alpha and beta phases, and determination of the total number of Burgers correspondence variants and orientation variants. The article also includes calculation of the transformation strain with contributions from defect structures developed at alpha/beta interfaces as a precipitates grow in size. In the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) framework, the Gibbs free energies and atomic mobilities are established as functions of temperature, pressure, and composition and serve directly as key inputs of any microstructure modeling. The article presents examples of the integrated computation tool set in simulating microstructural evolution.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003708
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... and associations; corrosion standards, specifications, and recommended practices; sources of corrosion information; corrosion databases and data compilations; and other web resources. corrosion coating polymers ceramics surface topography surface structure corrosionist corrosion databases statistical...
Abstract
A corrosionist refers to a corrosion engineer, a corrosion technician, a corrosion scientist, a chemist, a physicist, an electrical engineer, a mechanical engineer, a coatings or plastics salesperson, a corrosion consultant, or a plant operator. This article presents an overview of statistical inference and addresses the commonly used statistical tools and tests. It describes the science and engineering of materials, including metals, polymers, and ceramics. The article explores the principles of various surface-sensitive techniques and the usefulness and limitations of these techniques. The techniques are divided into those that provide insight into surface topography and surface structure, and those that provide understanding of chemical nature and identity. The article presents a list of web sites and print media addressing corrosion and related topics in five different areas: societies and associations; corrosion standards, specifications, and recommended practices; sources of corrosion information; corrosion databases and data compilations; and other web resources.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003281
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
..., such as speed and load. It also demonstrates how to report friction data and how these data can be entered into a database. weights pulleys shafts capstans microscale friction test friction test parameter friction data Friction Coefficient Solid friction inclined-plane method IN MACHINERY...
Abstract
This article describes the techniques for measuring friction, namely, inclined-plane method; friction test methods using weights and pulleys; friction tests of shafts and capstans; other types of friction tests, including standards; microscale friction tests; and friction testing under well-lubricated conditions. The procedural considerations that should be addressed to ensure that valid data are derived from a friction test are discussed. The article explains friction testing geometries, the major considerations implicit in their use as well as friction test parameters, such as speed and load. It also demonstrates how to report friction data and how these data can be entered into a database.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006631
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... analysis, software programs for crystal structure solution and refinement, and visualization of crystal structures. The article ends with a discussion on various databases available for single-crystal XRD analysis. crystal structure single-crystal X-ray diffraction Overview Introduction...
Abstract
This article provides a detailed account of the concepts of single-crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD). It begins with a historical review of XRD methods, followed by a description of the various factors involved in crystal symmetry. The article then focuses on the phase problem in x-ray structural analysis and validation of the structural model. Some of the factors to be considered for performing experimental procedure are provided. The article presents several examples of applications of single-crystal XRD. The following sections cover the crystallographic problem in terms of structural analysis, software programs for crystal structure solution and refinement, and visualization of crystal structures. The article ends with a discussion on various databases available for single-crystal XRD analysis.
Book Chapter
Sources of Materials Property Data and Information
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002467
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... of databases and internet. It discusses the types of sources of data, including computer readable media, data centers, and print media. The article also reviews the methods for evaluation and interpretation of data and examines the processes of obtaining and reporting test data. computer readable media...
Abstract
This article examines material property data and the information needs at various points in the design, manufacture, and use cycle. It contains a table that lists the various sources of materials data. The article describes locating media for sources of data such as suppliers of databases and internet. It discusses the types of sources of data, including computer readable media, data centers, and print media. The article also reviews the methods for evaluation and interpretation of data and examines the processes of obtaining and reporting test data.
Book Chapter
Manufacturing Cost Estimating
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002483
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... Abstract This article focuses on products defined by dimensions and tolerances and fabricated by some manufacturing process. It describes the general concepts associated with cost estimation. These include domain limitation, database commonality, cost allocation, and elements of cost...
Abstract
This article focuses on products defined by dimensions and tolerances and fabricated by some manufacturing process. It describes the general concepts associated with cost estimation. These include domain limitation, database commonality, cost allocation, and elements of cost. The article discusses three methods of cost estimation, namely, parametric methods, empirical methods, and complexity theory, with examples. It concludes with recommendations for cost estimation.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002456
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... that is capable of interfacing with a design team and its design-specific software programs ( Fig. 1 ). Basically, such a system consists of three closely integrated parts: databases, knowledge bases, and modeling/analysis capabilities. Databases are discussed extensively elsewhere in this Volume (see the article...
Abstract
This article provides a description of various systems for computer-aided materials selection that deals primarily with promising prototypes that have emerged for various applications. These include expert systems, quantitative selection systems, qualitative and experiential selection systems, and object-oriented systems.
Image
Phase field simulation prediction obtained using CALPHAD free-energy models...
Available to Purchase
in Modeling and Simulation of Microstructure Evolution during Heat Treatment of Titanium Alloys
> Heat Treating of Nonferrous Alloys
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 32 Phase field simulation prediction obtained using CALPHAD free-energy models in the Pandat database, mobility database, an interfacial energy of 100 mJ/m 2 , and isothermal aging at 700 °C (1290 °F) with four different molybdenum concentrations, (a) to (d) composition profile; (e) to (h
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Book Chapter
Evolution of Data Management and Common Data Models for Additive Manufacturing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006963
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... 19778-1:2015, a data model is a graphical and/or lexical representation of data, specifying their properties, structure, and relationships. Data models describe the organization of data in an enterprise as well as the structure of various enterprise data systems such as databases, data warehouses...
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, as the first fully digital manufacturing process, is critically dependent on data, including the input materials, the process parameters guiding the three-dimensional printing process execution, any postprocessing steps, and any inspections performed on the printed coupons and/or parts, to name just a few examples. This article presents the standards to enable findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data. It then discusses three main types of data models that are used to capture different levels of detail and granularity of data: conceptual, logical, and physical. Different approaches and techniques with their own strengths and weaknesses are developed to model data. Four of the major types of data models include hierarchical, relational, object-oriented, and network/graph-based. The article also presents the evolution of data management approaches. It then describes the characteristics of effective logical data models.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005407
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... of software and graphical user interfaces. The article also provides information on the ways to improve and upgrade the NN models. neural-network modeling graphical user interfaces database enhancement MANY COMPUTER-BASED MODELS and software have been developed to aid the understanding...
Abstract
Neural-network (NN) modeling is most suitable for simulations of correlations that are hard to describe or cannot be accurately predicted by physical models. This article describes the principles and procedures of NN modeling. It discusses the use of NN modeling in general organization of software and graphical user interfaces. The article also provides information on the ways to improve and upgrade the NN models.
Book Chapter
Commercial Alloy Phase Diagrams and Their Industrial Applications
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005511
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... to note that the term thermodynamic database or simply database is usually used in the industrial community instead of thermodynamic description , particularly for multicomponent systems. In addition to having a reliable thermodynamic database, robust computer software is another essential...
Abstract
This article focuses on the industrial applications of phase diagrams. It presents examples to illustrate how a multicomponent phase diagram calculation can be readily useful for industrial applications. The article demonstrates how the integration of a phase diagram calculation with kinetic and microstructural evolution models greatly enhances the power of the CALPHAD approach in materials design and processing development. It also discusses the limitations of the CALPHAD approach.
Book Chapter
Additive Manufacturing Data Integration and Recommended Practice
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006965
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... are described in the following sections. Material Databases Material databases store material data according to type, physical characteristics, mechanical properties, and standard classifications. They can be stand-alone commercial products or individual modular software components. Some users build...
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) creates parts layer by layer directly from three-dimensional computer-aided design data. This article discusses systematic ways to address the challenges in AM data integration by exploring various AM-specific data-integration scenarios that can improve the current AM ecosystem. Representative AM data sources are also described. A reference framework that captures the heterogenous AM data sources and existing data-integration mechanisms are used. General data-integration practices—based on existing manufacturing data and lab information system integration experiences—are recommended to automate AM data flow, operations, and development. Lastly, the article discusses the seven steps in the big-data-integration workflow.
Image
The Calphad or phenomenological thermodynamic approach to obtain a thermody...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2009
Fig. 2 The Calphad or phenomenological thermodynamic approach to obtain a thermodynamic description or database of a multicomponent system
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Image
Model of the IKSMAT system for materials selection in the aerospace industr...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1997
Fig. 3 Model of the IKSMAT system for materials selection in the aerospace industries. MPD, materials properties database. Source: Ref 8
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