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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 6 Hollow cylindrical forging produced in an upsetting forging machine, illustrating that draft angles are measured both from the direction of closure of gripper dies and from the direction of ram of the forging plug More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004037
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... Abstract Control of grain flow is one of the major advantages of shaping metal parts by rolling, forging, or extrusion. This article shows the effects of anisotropy on mechanical properties. Cylindrical forgings commonly have a straight parting line located in a diametral plane. The alternate...
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 11 Sequence of operations in the forging of a cylindrical workpiece from square stock. Dimensions in figure given in inches Stock preparation Cold sawing Stock size 305 × 305 × 254 mm (12 × 12 × 10 in.) Stock weight 179 kg (395 lb) Finished weight 170 kg (375 lb More
Image
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 6 Anisotropy and mechanical properties in forgings. Schematic views of sections from (a) square rolled stock, (b) rectangular rolled stock, (c) a cylindrical extruded section, and (d) a ring-rolled section, illustrating the effect of section configuration or forging process, or both More
Image
Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 5 Anisotropy and mechanical properties in forgings. Schematic views of sections from (a) square rolled stock, (b) rectangular rolled stock, (c) a cylindrical extruded section, and (d) a ring-rolled section, illustrating the effect of section configuration, forging process, or both More
Book Chapter

By Prabir K. Chaudhury, Roger Rees
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003981
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... of a problem, and better accessibility is gained by the absence of the outboard housing. In addition, the fully cylindrical roll dies used in this type of machine offer increased periphery for roll forging. Selection of machine size depends mainly on the following considerations: Power must...
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 1 Schematic views of sections from (a) square rolled stock, (b) rectangular rolled stock, (c) a cylindrical extruded section, and (d) a ring-rolled section, illustrating the effect of section configuration or forging process, or both, on the longitudinal direction in a forging. More
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Penetrant Weight of forging 1.45 kg (3.2 lb) Plan area (approx) 123 cm 2 (19 in. 2 ) Parting line Straight; in diametral plane and without flash Draft angle Natural cylindrical draft, except 6° max on bottom rib Typical fillet radius 0.89 mm (0.038 in.) Typical corner radius 0.48 mm More
Image
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 28 Specimen orientation and fracture plane identification. L, length, longitudinal, principal direction of metal working (rolling, extrusion, axis of forging); T, width, long-transverse grain direction; S, thickness, short-transverse grain direction; C, chord of cylindrical cross section More
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
(60 and 57 ksi); yield strength, 310 and 276 MPa (45 and 40 ksi); elongation, 7 and 3%. (c) Compared to 68 kg (150 lb) for forging of original design. (d) Broken at inner cylindrical surface, then follows across wall and rib, and along outside of ribs. (e) Actual web thickness varied up More
Image
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 16 Selection of parting lines to eliminate draft in (a) cylindrical, (b) square, and (c) tube-shaped forgings More
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 20 Selection of parting lines to eliminate draft in (a) cylindrical, (b) square, and (c) tube-shaped forgings More
Image
Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 23 (a) Dies used in roll forging. (b) Overhang-type roll forger that utilizes fully cylindrical dies More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004034
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... tolerance and by die-wear tolerance. To illustrate the measurement of draft angle, designs of three forgings produced in equipment with vertical and horizontal rams are described in the following paragraphs. Vertical Ram The hollow cylindrical forging shown in Fig. 4 is for nozzle boss fittings...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004036
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... and (b) method of flash removal A flat cylindrical head, upset forged at one end of a bar, is shown after finish forging, with flash attached, in Fig. 11(a) . Two alternate designs of flash are illustrated: the flash at the left of the forged head is a thin, flat fin and that at the right...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006739
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... Abstract This datasheet provides information on composition limits, fabrication characteristics, processing effects on physical and mechanical properties, and application performance of thick plate and forging alloy 7085. It presents the specified minimum strength and fracture properties...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001032
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... processing of high-strength low-alloy (microalloyed) steels and the various parts of the rolling operation. The article summarizes some of the common tests for determining formability in open-die and closed-die forgings. bulk formability forgeability microalloyed steels rolling operation...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003978
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
..., and such forgings are produced only under unusual circumstances. Generally, most open-die forgings can be grouped into four categories: cylindrical (shaft-type forgings symmetrical about the longitudinal axis), upset or pancake forgings, hollow (including mandrel and shell-type forgings), and contour-type forgings...
Book Chapter

By Howard A. Kuhn
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006080
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... features is not considered because metal flow would be limited, leading to incomplete densification. Rather, the preform for this part would simply be a cylinder with a hole at the center. Forging the part from a cylindrical preform will involve various combinations of back extrusion of metal into the rim...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004040
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... billets, and pancake forgings. Pierced Web The cylindrical cavity at the center of the alloy A-286 bearing housing shown in Fig. 5(a) received a ball joint attachment and served as the principal linkage connecting an aircraft engine to an airframe. This central cavity was developed by piercing...