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Book Chapter

By S. Shanmugham, P.K. Liaw
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002363
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article describes the test techniques that are available for monitoring crack initiation and crack growth and for obtaining information on fatigue damage in test specimens. These techniques include optical methods, the compliance method, electric potential measurement, and gel...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002358
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article defines different types of small cracks and identifies the different factors that influence small-crack behavior. Appropriate analysis techniques, including both rigorous scientific and practical engineering treatments, are briefly described. Important material data issues...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003657
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... active thermography. The components include an excitation source, a thermographic camera, and a computer with software that controls the instrumentation, acquires data, and displays the results. The article discusses the process and experimental setup of sonic thermography used for crack detection...
Image
Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 93 Example of quench cracks on the head of AISI 1040 steel bolts. Cracks were caused by incomplete development of the case. (a) Bolt heads at 0.72×; cracks accentuated using magnetic particles. (b) Quench crack near a corner. Etched with 2% nital. 54×. (c) Opened quench crack with arrows More
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 355 Slip band cracks on quenched and tempered AISI 4140. The cracks form most often in more ductile metals during fatigue crack growth on multiple slip planes. Their formation is due to the restraint imposed on reverse slip by large carbides or other second-phase particles in conjunction More
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 14 Peeling-type cracks in shafts. (a) and (b) Cracks originated at keyways. More
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 20 Typical micrographs of cracks in feedwater heater steels. (a) Cracks identified as corrosion fatigue mixed with SCC. 50×. (b) Corrosion-fatigue crack morphology alternating with corrosion pits and transgranular cracking. 100× More
Image
Published: 01 January 1989
Fig. 10 Thermal cracks in a cemented carbide insert. The thermal cracks are perpendicular to the cutting edge, and the mechanical cracks are parallel to the cutting edge. 15× More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 80 Typical micrographs of cracks in feedwater heater steels. (a) Cracks identified as corrosion fatigue mixed with stress-corrosion cracking. Original magnification: 50×. (b) Corrosion-fatigue crack morphology alternating with corrosion pits and transgranular cracking. Original More
Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 38 Morphology of propagating cracks. (a) Transgranular cracks. (b) Intergranular cracks. (c) Overall appearance of propagating cracks. Source: Ref 15 More
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 9 Thermal cracks in a cemented carbide insert. The thermal cracks are perpendicular to the cutting edge, and the mechanical cracks are parallel to the cutting edge. 15× More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 2 Quench cracks formed in oil-quenched tool steel die. Cracks originated from the sharp corners of the keyway and from holes that were located too close to the surface. More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 25 Peeling-type cracks in shafts. (a) and (b) Cracks originated at keyways More
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Published: 30 June 2023
Fig. 6 Solidification cracks found in aluminum 7075. (a) Cracks along the build direction. (b) Crack-initiation sites due to the presence of porosity in the microstructure. Source: Ref 51 More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 10 Thermal cracks in a cemented carbide insert. The thermal cracks are perpendicular to the cutting edge, and the mechanical cracks are parallel to the cutting edge. 15× More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002359
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article summarizes the aspects of crack shape and irregularity that are relevant to fatigue and fracture of surface cracks. It discusses the nature of three-dimensional surface cracks and variables that influence crack shape. These variables include the grain size, residual...
Book Chapter

By W. R. Warke
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003553
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article commences with a discussion on the characteristics of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) and describes crack initiation and propagation during SCC. It reviews the various mechanisms of SCC and addresses electrochemical and stress-sorption theories. The article explains...
Book Chapter

By A.J. McEvily
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002357
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article describes the types of closure mechanisms, including plasticity-induced, roughness-induced, oxide-induced, and fretting-debris-induced. It discusses test techniques used to establish a valid threshold value for aluminum alloy crack growth thresholds, steel crack growth...
Book Chapter

By R.H. Jones
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003633
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) is a phenomenon in which time-dependent crack growth occurs when the necessary electrochemical, mechanical, and metallurgical conditions exist. This article provides an overview of the environmental phenomenon, mechanisms, and controlling parameters...
Book Chapter

By Javier C. Cruz, Jeffrey A. Jansen
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006917
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Abstract While there are many fracture mechanisms that can lead to the failure of a plastic component, environmental stress cracking (ESC) is recognized as one of the leading causes of plastic failure. This article focuses on unpacking the basic concepts of ESC to provide the engineer...