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countermeasures

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006962
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... AM-using organization. It discusses the following threat categories: technical data theft, sabotage, illegal part manufacturing, and data infiltration and exfiltration. The article also presents a detailed discussion on countermeasures against threat categories. additive manufacturing...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005346
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... short-term countermeasures in place and then following that up with a permanent corrective action. This two-step approach is used mostly when the permanent corrective action involves significant lead time. Short-term countermeasures are meant to “stop the bleeding” of the process and provide the time...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004145
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003676
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... countermeasure vessels); and for equipment in the petroleum, chemical, aerospace, power, and process industries. Environmental initiatives, such as flue gas desulfurization in the power industry and the adoption of closed-loop (zero discharge) processes in the pulp and paper industry, have increased the demand...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006870
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... in thermoplastics and metals, a site of nonuniformity can serve as a defect initiation site. The countermeasure for this manufacturing defect would be to improve cleaning of the molds between manufacturing cycles. Figure 11 shows the cross section of a failed rubber article that undergoes cyclic deformation...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004165
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... countermeasures are taken. This brings to consideration the alternative, the comparatively shorter “projection” type of test. Figure 8 illustrates how this procedure is aimed to function at its most favorable conditions. To use and interpret comparatively short tests suiting the product programs requires...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005813
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... in the carburized area Lower root-bearing capacity Especially for dynamically loaded parts, the formation of coarse grains can reduce service life substantially. As a countermeasure, microalloyed materials were developed that do not have a tendency to develop coarse grains ( Ref 18 , 19 , 18 , 20...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005886
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... Federation for Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering , 2010 , p 4134 – 4143 26. Bertossa D.C. , Induction Heating Stress Improvement Qualification , Proc. Seminar on Countermeasures for Pipe Cracking in BWRs , Report WS 79-174, Vol 1 , Electric Power Research Institute , May 1980...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005773
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
..., or nonoxidizing gas cooling Wash in hot water and/or polish off the covered salt reagents High substrate hardness can be ensured. Countermeasures required for workpiece shapes likely to result in shape distortion (thin, long, complicated geometries) Countermeasures required for tolerances smaller than...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005994
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... of these fasteners, the life of extrusion dies and cold forming dies may be reduced and appropriate countermeasures become necessary. To solve these problems, a few improvements have been developed, as shown in Table 1 . These improvements are: To reduce cold-forming stress, a reduction in the percentage...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006796
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... for LDI erosion; this is because of the decrease in droplet collision frequency. For a practical countermeasure, a change in piping layout near the collision location, for example, installation of a target plate or thicker piping element, is effective in decreasing the leak frequency due to LDI erosion...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004131
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... considered to require engineering supervision (e.g., friction stir welding, grid-lock, laser shock processing, active vibration suppression, laser-formed titanium, etc.). Material substitution is probably the most common and effective countermeasure to the corrosion effects caused by aging. In effect...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002439
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... countermeasures, and strongly advocate adherence may not be considered adequate warnings. Another reason for the confusion is that society seems to expect warnings to perform multiple functions. Warnings should supplement the safety-related design features of a product by indicating how to avoid injury...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003637
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006789
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... in designing as well as in failure analysis for explaining the possible reasons of a given wear failure and thus adopting the most suitable countermeasures. It is also fundamental in basic research to help focus toward the goals, such as the reduction of wear rate or the optimization of friction. Wear...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003328
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... the likelihood of detectable crack sizes, which allows countermeasures to be taken before a large break occurs ( Ref 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , and 17 ). Analyses of the operational behavior of high-quality pressurized components and systems as well as flaw and damage analyses have shown that proven and well...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006337
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005152
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004105
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005904
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
..., if deposits continue to form, countermeasures exist in the form of so-called washing charges. These should be run, perhaps in weekly cycles, at up to 1600 °C (2910 °F); these work with cast iron melts of high carbon and low silicon content or with steel melts. Secondly, flux agents made of sodium carbonate...