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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 26 Corrosion-mode diagram for nickel aluminide (Ni 3 Al) in aqueous solutions, as estimated from electrochemical experiments More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004157
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article describes the corrosion modes in a waste-to-energy boiler. It discusses the corrosion protection and alloy performance with an emphasis on two main areas of the boiler: furnace water walls and super heaters. waste-to-energy boiler corrosion protection high...
Book Chapter

By George Y. Lai
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004189
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract Understanding the high-temperature corrosion behavior of alloys is an important step toward the selection of appropriate alloys for process equipment. This article briefly describes the high-temperature corrosion modes that are frequently encountered in the chemical process industry...
Book Chapter

By Mari Lindgren
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006372
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... selection for a particular wear mode. The corrosion modes include dry sliding, tribocorrosion, erosion, erosion-corrosion, cavitation, dry erosion, erosion-oxidation, galling and fretting. microstructure abrasion adhesive wear austenitic stainless steel corrosion resistance dry sliding duplex...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002471
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... Abstract This article discusses the principles of corrosion and the basis of the various prevention measures that can be taken for different corrosion modes. It describes aqueous corrosion phenomena in terms of the electrochemical reactions that occur at the metal-environment interface...
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 6 Monitoring of crevice corrosion (confined mode) in electrocoated and primed mild steel sheet panels. A 25 mm (I in.) circular portion of exposed metal (lid removed) is shown. (a) shallow 6 week attack and magnetite slurry after nominally hard exposure conditions resulting in almost More
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 8 Example of how functional requirements on components (involving a specific corrosion mode) are verified by formalized proving ground (PG) test outcome criteria (YiS, years in service). The most benign case for assessing long-term requirements is a “short” test based on previous field More
Book Chapter

By Mats Ström
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004165
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... to the right proportions in a fraction of the time it takes outdoors. The determined failure modes should preferably be unambiguous and well documented, to let a nonexpert be able to evaluate and report the test outcome. Apart from presenting and discussing the typical element of complete vehicle corrosion...
Book Chapter

By Aaron Tanzer
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006756
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... system, the same wording is used to describe both the failure mode and mechanism. For example, corrosion pitting describes a damage mode because the surface of a material contains hemispherical pits. Pitting is also a possible damage mechanism in some systems. For example, in boiler tubing a pitting...
Book Chapter

By Aaron Tanzer
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003521
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... the pit surfaces is unaffected ( Ref 3 ). In this system pitting is a specific damage mechanism, but many other damage mechanisms also result in a pitting damage mode in boiler tubing, including hydrogen damage, phosphate corrosion, and caustic gouging. It is helpful to be as specific as possible...
Image
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 27 Examples of SCC in mode 1 and mode 3. (a) Susceptibility of 7075 aluminum alloy to corrosion cracking in 3.5% NaCl solution tension. Mode 1 and torsion (solid lines). Mode 3 tests (dashed lines). P, peak and aging; OA, overaged; UA, underaged. (b) Crack velocity versus stress intensity More
Book Chapter

By Michael J.S. Lowe
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006441
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... addressed the reflectivity of the guided modes from rectangular-shaped notches ( Ref 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ), while later studies examined the effects of real irregular shapes, such as tapering corrosion patches ( Ref 18 , 19 , 20 ). These studies, supported by field experience, have been used...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003658
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... modes for detecting corrosion wastage. Figure 2 illustrates the manner in which GW modes are formed in a structure. There are many variations on the basic elements of GW systems of NDE; these include a wide range of frequency selection, drive pulse shapes, sensor arrays, and electronic display systems...
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 46 Braided sheathing is used to contain and support convoluted hoses for many applications. Depending on the particular application, failure modes include crevice corrosion, which can be expected if deposits are able to remain around the wires; fretting damage, if adjacent wires rub More
Book Chapter

By Ellen Wright
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007025
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... Abstract Fracture of aluminum alloys can occur due to several failure types and/or fracture morphologies, including overload, intergranular fracture, fatigue, corrosion, and mixed-mode fracture. This article provides a detailed discussion on these failure types and/or fracture morphologies...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003811
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... to corrosion rates in terms of millimeters (mils) per year. The results of this research are shown in Fig. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . These are uniform corrosion rates that do not apply to localized corrosion modes, such as crevice corrosion, pitting, or local galvanic coupling. Compositions of cast steels tested...
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
” creepage modes, respectively. Panel 4: typical result from 3 year on-vehicle exposure in corrosive panel position/environment. Panel 5:12 week laboratory test showing all three creepage modes on the same panel due to different salt accumulation caused by scribe orientation and panel inclination More
Book Chapter

By Dan Grice
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006876
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... of component material(s); and qualitative or semiquantitative analysis of deposits or corrosion products on or near fracture surfaces. fractography fracture mechanisms fracture surfaces scanning electron microscopy FRACTURE SURFACES have been studied qualitatively for hundreds of years. One...
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
electron microscopy fractographs of four locations on the fracture surface. 7500×. Intergranular modes of fracture are shown in (b) and (c); a transgranular mode, typical of corrosion fatigue, is shown in (d). The fractograph in (e) was taken in the region of crack arrest and indicates an intergranular More
Image
Published: 30 August 2021
) Transmission electron microscopy fractographs of four locations on the fracture surface. Original magnification of all: 7500×. Intergranular modes of fracture are shown in (b) and (c); a transgranular mode, typical of corrosion fatigue, is shown in (d). The fractograph in (e) was taken in the region of crack More