Search Results for corrosion inhibition

This article discusses the definitions, classifications, structural features, vapor pressure values, corrosion inhibition mechanisms, and methods of evaluation of vapor-phase-corrosion inhibitors or volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs). Practical methods of using VCIs for corrosion protection of aluminum, ferrous, and nonferrous alloys are discussed with specific examples. The article contains tables that summarize the applications of different VCIs used for protecting ferrous metals, copper and its alloys, and silver.

The inhibitors currently in use are generally complex mixtures of reaction products and have been formulated to meet the demands of a very competitive industry. This article discusses these demands on inhibitor formulation. The varying characteristics and number of organic inhibitors are explained by the varying characteristics of oil wells and gas wells. Water injection systems and pipelines are also discussed. The article describes the factors that influence the corrosivity of produced fluids and the various treatments applicable for oil, gas, and pumping wells. It examines the primary causes of corrosion inhibition in waterfloods: oxygen contamination and acid gases dissolved in the brine. A discussion on the bacteria-induced corrosion is provided. The article also explains various tests available for field corrosion monitoring. It details the methods used to monitor corrosion rates and inhibitor effectiveness. The article concludes information on the computerization of inhibitor treating programs.

This article describes the analytical methods for analyzing surfaces for corrosion and corrosion inhibition processes as well as failure analysis based on surface structure and chemical identity and composition. The principles and applications of the surface-structure analysis techniques, namely, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, are reviewed. The article discusses the principles and applications of chemical identity and composition analysis techniques. These techniques include the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ion scattering spectroscopy, reflectance Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy, Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

This article describes the protective coatings technology used in naval aircrafts. It reviews the future needs and trends of the protective coatings technology based on advancing technology, environmental concerns, and operational requirements. The article discusses the standard finishing systems for aircrafts: the surface pretreatment system, primer, topcoat, advanced-performance topcoat, self-priming topcoat, and specialty coatings. It presents safe compliant solutions to environmental problems associated with the protective coatings technology. These solutions include the use of environmental regulations and hazardous materials, nonchromated pretreatments, waterborne technology, high-solids technology, and touch-up paints. The article also deals with the use of electrodeposition coatings, powder coatings, adhesive films, paint application equipment, and non-chromated sealants in the protective coatings technology.

This article describes the influences of the operational environments of U.S. Navy aircraft during corrosion-control process. The most widely used materials in airframe structures and components, such as aluminum, steel, titanium, and magnesium alloy systems, are reviewed. The article provides information on the inspections steps, corrosion-control issues, and corrosion-prevention strategies for naval aircraft. It contains a table that lists typical locations of corrosion on the aircraft. The article also provides examples of aircraft corrosion damage.

This article describes the commonly observed forms of airplane corrosion, namely: general corrosion, exfoliation corrosion, pitting corrosion, microbiologically induced corrosion, galvanic corrosion, filiform corrosion, crevice corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking, and fretting. It discusses the factors influencing airplane corrosion from the manufacturing perspective: design, manufacturing, and service-related factors. The article explains the collection of corrosion data and provides an overview of the implementation and evolution of airline corrosion prevention and control programs and directions being considered in the design for corrosion prevention of airplanes.

This article includes a collection of color images that aid in the identification and classification of forms of corrosion in industries and environments. It emphasizes the negative aspects of corrosion and examines the cost and the effort to test, evaluate, simulate, and prevent corrosion. The ability of corrosion to undo the best complex engineered systems has been documented.

This article provides useful information on the occurrence of corrosion in crude oil refinery units, namely, crude unit, catalytic and thermal cracking units, hydroprocessing units, amine sweetening units, and sour water units. Types and applications of corrosion inhibitors, namely, neutralizers, filming inhibitors, scavengers, microbiocides, and anti-foulants and scale inhibitors, are reviewed. The article describes the direct and indirect corrosion monitoring methods used to reduce equipment damage due to corrosion events and to assess the reliability and useful service life of process equipment.