Search Results for corrosion databases

Remarkable changes in information technology have occurred, and information and data are now routinely available by way of the World Wide Web. This article lists selected information sources and databases and demonstrates the way they are accessed. It presents information for a corrosionist in five areas: societies and associations addressing corrosion and related topics; corrosion standards, specifications, recommended practices, and related topics; sources of corrosion information; corrosion databases and data compilations; and other web resources.

A corrosionist refers to a corrosion engineer, a corrosion technician, a corrosion scientist, a chemist, a physicist, an electrical engineer, a mechanical engineer, a coatings or plastics salesperson, a corrosion consultant, or a plant operator. This article presents an overview of statistical inference and addresses the commonly used statistical tools and tests. It describes the science and engineering of materials, including metals, polymers, and ceramics. The article explores the principles of various surface-sensitive techniques and the usefulness and limitations of these techniques. The techniques are divided into those that provide insight into surface topography and surface structure, and those that provide understanding of chemical nature and identity. The article presents a list of web sites and print media addressing corrosion and related topics in five different areas: societies and associations; corrosion standards, specifications, and recommended practices; sources of corrosion information; corrosion databases and data compilations; and other web resources.

This article provides a description of various systems for computer-aided materials selection that deals primarily with promising prototypes that have emerged for various applications. These include expert systems, quantitative selection systems, qualitative and experiential selection systems, and object-oriented systems.

This article examines material property data and the information needs at various points in the design, manufacture, and use cycle. It contains a table that lists the various sources of materials data. The article describes locating media for sources of data such as suppliers of databases and internet. It discusses the types of sources of data, including computer readable media, data centers, and print media. The article also reviews the methods for evaluation and interpretation of data and examines the processes of obtaining and reporting test data.

This article provides a discussion on the corrosion of industrial refractory materials and technical ceramics. These materials, which are used to minimize heat losses and provide a barrier between the vessel and its contents, are utilized in the metallurgical, chemical process, power generation, automotive, and aerospace industries. The article covers the fundamental principles of chemical corrosion of refractories and ceramics, and the use of thermodynamic calculations and kinetic models to evaluate the probability of the occurrence of corrosion-causing chemical reactions. It describes the corrosion resistance characteristics of specific classes of refractories and structural ceramics. The article also examines the prevention strategies that minimize corrosion failures of both classes of materials.

This article provides a perspective on United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DOD) specifications, standards, handbooks, and related documents, as well as their role in the corrosion prevention and control activities in the U.S. military.

This article details factors that have been used for evaluating the susceptibility of alloys to stress-corrosion cracking. Many considerations impacting the validity and accuracy of information gathered from laboratory testing programs are reviewed. The article highlights the main characteristics of probability distributions, such as normal distribution, log-normal distribution, exponential distribution, Poisson distribution, and extreme-value distribution. It also provides information on the statistical concepts to produce effective test programs.

This article focuses on the industrial applications of phase diagrams. It presents examples to illustrate how a multicomponent phase diagram calculation can be readily useful for industrial applications. The article demonstrates how the integration of a phase diagram calculation with kinetic and microstructural evolution models greatly enhances the power of the CALPHAD approach in materials design and processing development. It also discusses the limitations of the CALPHAD approach.

The selection of engineered materials is an integrated process that requires an understanding of the interaction between materials properties, manufacturing characteristics, design considerations, and the total life cycle of the product. This article classifies various engineered materials, including ferrous alloys, nonferrous alloys, ceramics, cermets and cemented carbides, engineering plastics, polymer-matrix composites, metal-matrix composites, ceramic-matrix and carbon-carbon composites, and reviews their general property characteristics and applications. It describes the synergy between the elements of the materials selection process and presents a general comparison of material properties. Finally, the article provides a short note on computer aided materials selection systems, which help in proper archiving of materials selection decisions for future reference.

Neural-network (NN) modeling is most suitable for simulations of correlations that are hard to describe or cannot be accurately predicted by physical models. This article describes the principles and procedures of NN modeling. It discusses the use of NN modeling in general organization of software and graphical user interfaces. The article also provides information on the ways to improve and upgrade the NN models.

The design process for ceramic materials is more complex than that of metals because of low-strain tolerance, low fracture toughness and brittleness. The application of structural ceramics to engineering systems hinges on the functional benefits to be derived and is manifested in the conceptual design for acceptable reliability. This article discusses the design considerations for the use of structural ceramics for engineering applications. It describes the conceptual design and deals with fast fracture reliability, lifetime reliability, joints, attachments, interfaces, and thermal shock in detailed design procedure. The article provides information on the proof testing of ceramics, and presents a short note on public domain software that helps determine the reliability of a loaded ceramic component. The article concludes with several design scenarios for gas turbine components, turbine wheels, ceramic valves, and sliding parts.

Mixtures of acids or acids and salts are of great importance to the chemical process industry (CPI) for use in digestion of solids, as a promoter in reactions, as a scale remover, and as a complexant. This article emphasizes the assessment of the performance of Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo alloys in mixed acids and salts in an objective manner. It tabulates the nominal compositions of pertinent Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo corrosion-resistant alloys. The article describes the acid and acid-plus-salt mixtures classified into the following general categories: nonoxidizing acid mixtures (H 2 SO 4 +H 3 PO 4 ), nonoxidizing acids with halides (H 2 SO 4 +HCl), oxidizing acid mixtures without halides (H 2 SO 4 +HNO 3 ), and oxidizing acid mixtures with halides (HNO 3 +HF). It also illustrates the effect of alloying elements on the corrosion rate in the nonoxidizing mixtures and oxidizing acid mixtures.

This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy and processing effects on mechanical properties of Al-Li plate alloy 2195. A figure provides a performance comparison of 2195-T84 and 2219-T87 alloys.

This article focuses on the aspects associated with inspection related to pressure vessels and pipework. These aspects include inspection policy, inspection planning and procedures, inspection strategy, inspection methodology, preparation for inspection, invasive inspection, internal visual inspection, and non-invasive inspection. Inspection execution, risk-based inspection, competence assurance of inspection personnel, inspection coverage, inspection periodicity, inspection anomaly criteria, assessment of fitness, and reporting requirements, are also discussed. The article addresses the data acquisition, reporting and trending, and review and audit for the inspection. It reviews inspection techniques, including visual inspection, ultrasonic inspection, and radiographic inspection.

This article focuses on the methods that are being developed for detecting and monitoring corrosion: electrochemical methods, electromagnetic or sound wave methods, fiber-optic technology, fluorescence methods, and the Diffracto Sight method. It reviews the importance of data management and the Corrosion Expert System. It concludes with information on the simulation and modeling for incorporating the mechanisms of corrosion prevention into military hardware systems design and operation.

Alloys intended for use in high-temperature environments rely on the formation of a continuous, compact, slow-growing oxide layer for oxidation, and hot corrosion resistance. This article focuses on the issues related to high-temperature oxidation of superalloys used in gas turbine engine applications. It discusses the general methodologies used to evaluate oxidation resistance of materials. The article describes the performance characteristics of superalloys, single-crystal superalloys, and other high-temperature materials such as refractory metals and ceramics. It discusses hot corrosion of superalloys and airfoil degradation due to deposits resulting from ingested particles or sand. The article concludes with a discussion on the limitations of testing techniques and life prediction.

This article focuses on the modeling and simulation of diffusion-controlled processes related to both materials processing such as heat treatments, and materials degradation from a practical perspective by using the one-dimensional (1-D) sharp interface approach. It describes various diffusion simulation models, such as one-phase simulations, moving phase-boundary simulations, and dispersed system simulations. The article presents case studies that illustrate some examples where diffusion simulations have been applied to industrial-based problems, with an emphasis on the approaches used and the lessons learned from performing such simulations.

Chemical analysis is a critical part of any failure investigation. With the right planning and proper analytical equipment, a myriad of information can be obtained from a sample. This article presents a high-level introduction to techniques often used for chemical analysis during failure analysis. It describes the general considerations for bulk and microscale chemical analysis in failure analysis, the most effective techniques to use for organic or inorganic materials, and examples of using these techniques. The article discusses the processes involved in the chemical analysis of nonmetallics. Advances in chemical analysis methods for failure analysis are also covered.