Search Results for conventional piercing

This article begins with a discussion on the fundamentals of cutting. It focuses on blanking and piercing operations in a press tool to form and shape the final part geometry. The types of piercing operations include conventional piercing, piercing with a pointed punch, piece-and-extrude operations, slotting, countersinking, and cutting and lancing of tabs. The article provides information on the punch assembly, the die assembly, and the stripper and discusses the factors considered during piercing operations. It reviews the applications of the four types of blanks used in sheet-forming operations, namely, rectangular blank, rough blank, partially developed blank, and fully developed blank. It concludes with a discussion on the process capabilities, applications, and limitations of fine-edge blanking and piercing.

Machining serves as a more specialized supplement to the forging process, particularly in the formation of cavities and holes. This article provides information on the enclosures, cavities, and holes in hammer and press forgings. It provides a checklist that serves as a guide to the procedure for reviewing the design of cavities and holes to be incorporated in forgings. The article also describes forging designs in which cavities and holes are related to rib and web designs, punchout, piercing, extruding, and combinations of these processes.

This article discusses the production of blanks from low-carbon steel sheet and strip in dies in a mechanical or hydraulic press. It describes the cutting operations that are done by dies in presses to produce blanks. The applications of blanking methods are described with examples. The article reviews the characteristics of blanked edges and explains how to calculate the forces and the work involved in blanking. Factors affecting the processing of blanks are discussed. The article provides information on the selection of work metal form, the effect of work metal thickness on the selection of material for dies and related components, as well as the selection of die type and design. The article illustrates the construction and use of short-run dies and conventional dies. It concludes with information on the shaving and deburring methods for blanking.

This article illustrates the characteristics of pierced holes and summarizes the hole wall quality. Specific guidance in selecting die clearances is provided by considering the types of edges produced with different clearances. The article discusses the effect of tool dulling and the use of small and large clearance. It informs that the force needed to pierce a given material depends on the shear strength of the work metal, the peripheral size of the hole or holes to be pierced, stock thickness, and depth of shear on the punch. The article discusses the presses and tools used in piercing. It illustrates the use of compound dies, progressive dies, and transfer dies; piercing of thick and thin stock and piercing holes at an angle to the surface; special piercing techniques; and shaving of low-carbon steels.

The multiple-slide machine, sometimes called a four-way, four-slide, or multislide machine, is a somewhat specialized item of stamping equipment, although it is very versatile within a limited area of stamping applications. This article discusses the construction and advantages of multiple-slide machines. It presents comparisons of four-slide operations with press operations based on production speed, tooling cost, tool adjustments, and operating cost. The article reviews some factors to be considered while selecting multiple-slide machines. It summarizes the strip materials commonly used in four-slide production. The article examines the design factors of four-slide parts, including tolerances and finishes. It provides the design recommendations for optimal part quality at maximum production speed. The article also discusses various four-slide cutoff methods.

This article discusses the presses, auxiliary equipment, and dies used in the blanking and piercing of commonly used magnetically soft materials, namely, low-carbon electrical steels and oriented and nonoriented silicon electrical steels. It describes the effect of stock thickness and work metal composition and condition on blanking and piercing. The article provides an overview of the influence of burr height on stacking factors and presents a discussion on the lubrication and core plating of electrical steels that ease the process.

Mechanical joining by forming includes all processes where parts being joined are formed locally and sometimes fully. This article focuses on the types, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the various mechanical joining methods, namely, riveting, crimping, clinching, and self-pierce riveting.

This article describes the presses that are mechanically or hydraulically powered and used for producing sheet, strip, and plate from sheet metal. It also presents the JIC standards for presses, compares the presses based on power source, details the selection criteria and provides information on the various drive systems and the auxiliary equipment. It describes the selection of die materials and lubricants for sheet metal forming and provides information on the lubrication mechanisms and selection with a list of lubricant types for forming of specific sheet materials of ferrous or nonferrous metals. The article reviews the various types of forming processes such as blanking, piercing, fine-edge blanking, press bending, press forming, forming by multiple-slide machines, deep drawing, stretch forming, spinning, rubber-pad forming, three-roll forming, contour roll forming, drop hammer forming, explosive forming, electromagnetic forming, and superplastic forming.

This article reviews the selection and formability characteristics of steels, with an emphasis on low-carbon steels and some coverage on the forming of high-carbon steels. It describes the key factors that affect the formability of steels in terms of steelmaking practices, surface finishes, metal thicknesses, and alloying. The article explains the bending and forming operations with some examples. It also describes the formation of various shells, including doubly contoured shells, deep recessed shells, and deep circular shells.

This article discusses the operation of upset forging machines and selection of the machine size. It describes several types of upsetter heading tools and their materials. The article reviews the cold shearing and hot shearing methods for preparing blanks for hot upset forging. It deals with various upsetting processes: offset upsetting, double-end upsetting, upsetting with sliding dies, upsetting pipe and tubing, and electric upsetting. The article also provides information on hot forging and cold forging.

Shearing is a process of cutting flat product with blades, rotary cutters, or with the aid of a blanking or punching die. This article commences with a description of some wear and material factors for tools used to shear flat product, principally sheet. Methods of wear control are reviewed in terms of tool materials, coatings and surface treatments, and lubrication. The article discusses tool steels that are used for cold and hot shearing, and rotary slitting. It provides information on the materials used for two main categories of machine knives: circular knives and straight knife cutters. The article also discusses the selection of materials for blanking and piercing dies and provides examples that illustrate the various types of tooling changes for blanking high-carbon steel.

This article provides a detailed account of the process development, cutting principle, and components of the abrasive waterjet cutting process. The advantages of abrasive waterjet machining are summarized. The article also discusses the factors affecting the cut quality, and the applications and limitations of abrasive waterjet cutting.

Multiple-slide forming is a process in which the workpiece is progressively formed in a combination of units that can be used in various ways for the automated fabrication of a large variety of simple and intricately shaped parts from coil stock or wire. This article discusses the components of multiple-slide rotary forming machines involved in the blanking and forming of strip stock. It describes a complicated application of the two-level forming, with an example.

This article discusses the general formability considerations of aluminum alloys. To conduct a complete analysis of a formed part, the required mechanical properties, as determined by several standard tests, must be considered. The article describes tension testing and other tests designed to simulate various production forming processes, including cup tests and bend tests, which help in determining these properties. It provides information on the equipment and tools, which are used in the forming of aluminum alloys. The article presents a list of lubricants that are most widely used in the forming. It also analyzes the various forming processes of aluminum alloys. The processes include blanking and piercing, bending, press-brake forming, contour roll forming, deep drawing, spinning, stretch forming, rubber-pad forming, warm forming, superplastic forming, explosive forming, electrohydraulic forming, electromagnetic forming, hydraulic forming, shot peening, and drop hammer forming.