1-20 of 860

Search Results for contrast-enhancement methods

Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account

Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
Close Modal
Sort by
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009076
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract This article describes the various aspects relating to the selection and preparation of ultrathin-section specimens of fiber-reinforced polymeric composites for examination by transmitted light microscopy. It provides information on the contrast-enhancement methods used by transmitted...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003749
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract Metallographic contrasting methods include various electrochemical, optical, and physical etching techniques, which in turn are enhanced by the formation of a thin transparent film on the specimen surface. This article primarily discusses etching in conjunction with light microscopy...
Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 45 The watershed method. (a) Original image. (b) Binary image with touching objects. (c) The EDM of the binary image (with contrast enhancement). (d) The watersheds derived from (c). (e) The boundaries superimposed on the original image. Original image, courtesy of Vito Smolej, Carl Zeiss More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009075
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... phases or etchants for dissimilar material phases are often used to enhance the contrast. While these methods can be effectively used for many composite materials and matrices, significant time may be required to determine a functional dye or etchant material, and it is possible that a useful dye...
Book Chapter

By Brian S. Hayes, Luther M. Gammon
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003464
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... methods use several contrast-enhancement methods that are not commonly used in metallurgical reflective microscopy. These methods include bright field; polarized light; phase contrast; differential interference contrast (DIC), also known as Nomarski; modulation contrast, also known as Hoffman contrast...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009080
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
...-light analysis. Hoffman modulation contrast, 10× objective The two main methods for manufacturing prepregs that have preformed-particle-rich surfaces are single- and double-pass impregnation, although other methods have also been used ( Ref 21 ). One method that has received much attention...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003782
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Note: Use fairly large swabs with all etching procedures. (a) Dispose after using because the etchant may become unstable with time and a chemical reaction may occur. Anodization Anodization is a metallographic-enhancement technique used for contrasting and identifying specific...
Book Chapter

By George F. Vander Voort
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003754
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... metallographs with assorted illumination modes, light sources, microhardness attachments, hot stages, and so on. An example of an inverted metallograph is shown in Fig. 4 . Fig. 4 Inverted metallograph. Features include selection of incident light, various contrasting methods, camera, and microhardness...
Book Chapter

By Robert N. Pangborn
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001760
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... from C is the dynamic image; the enhanced intensity from C′ associated with the new wave path produces the intermediate image. Fig. 5 Origin of direct (1), dynamical (2), and intermediate (3) image contrast for a dislocation. Source: Ref 8 Pendellösung Fringes Energy transfer between...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001237
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... detection (also called thresholding ) assigns specific contrast values to the image (0 to 255 gray levels). The most accurate and precise method for properly thresholding an image is to use a gray-level histogram. Figure 1 shows a porous steatite ceramic sample and the corresponding gray-level histogram...
Book Chapter

By Sidnei Paciornik, Marcos Henrique de Pinho Mauricio
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003757
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... and output of the image to a printer. The methods used to enhance the digital image and to extract quantitative information are also described. Different types of image segmentation, namely, adaptive segmentation and contour-based segmentation, are reviewed. The article also presents case studies...
Book Chapter

By H.E. Exner, S. Weinbruch
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003755
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... of a primary silicon crystal and the complex shapes of the eutectic silicon lamellae are clearly revealed. 1000×. (b) Topographic contrast BE image of a freshly polished cross section. The aluminum matrix appears brighter despite the lower atomic number due to the enhanced yield at the polishing scratches...
Book Chapter

By Larry D. Hanke
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005685
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... and focused on the eyepieces or recording device to form the observed image. Surfaces that are reflective and perpendicular to the light rays appear bright. Alternatively, nonreflective or oblique features reflect less light and appear darker. Polarized Light This method produces enhanced contrast...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002371
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... to improve fatigue resistance in terms of their respective effects on fatigue performance. The article details the experimental data sets representing specific materials, typical test geometries, and a range of different processing methods used to enhance resistance as compared to results for laboratory...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003238
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... presents excellent resolution and contrast. (c) Includes only visible cracks. Minute surface cracks normally are undetectable by radiographic inspection methods. (d) Radiation beam must be parallel to the cracks, laps, or flakes. (e) When calibrated using special thickness gages...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003657
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... to the thermographic signal. The remainder of the incident energy contributes to the background temperature, thereby reducing the maximum possible thermal contrast, since the thermal contrast is obtained by subtracting the background temperature from the temperature of the hot spot. In the thermosonic method, energy...
Book Chapter

By Andrea Scanavini, Marco Moscatti
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006456
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
.... Since the end of the 1970s, dedicated efforts have been applied to the use of CT in industry. The petroleum industry was one of the early major users of medical-type scanners to analyze oil drilling core samples and to assist in analyzing secondary oil recovery methods in rock samples. Medical CT...
Book Chapter

By G.R. Edwards
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001473
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... a very flat field of view in which important features can be lost unless the surface is illuminated carefully. Fig. 1 Weld gage Penetrant Testing Penetrants provide a method of enhancing the visibility of flaws. A strongly colored, or fluorescent, liquid is applied liberally to the test...
Book Chapter

By Balaji Raghothamachar, Michael Dudley
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006644
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
..., rays will bend in opposite directions on either side of the core, potentially producing opposite contrast. Net contrast is observed, because any deviation of the wavefields from the direction of propagation corresponding to the perfect crystal region forces them to experience enhanced absorption...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003230
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... discontinuities. Visual inspection is the most widely used method for detecting and examining surface cracks. Visual inspection methods range from examination with the naked eye to the use of interference microscopes to measure the depth of scratches in the finish of finely polished and lapped surfaces...