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continuous plating equipment
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Book Chapter
Continuous Electrodeposited Coatings for Steel Strip
Available to PurchaseBook: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001271
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... and process classification. continuous electrodeposited coatings continuous electroplated steel continuous plating equipment electrodeposition steel strip CONTINUOUS ELECTRODEPOSITION involves electroplating a pure metal or alloy coating onto an endless steel strip. In practice...
Abstract
This article explains the applications of continuous electroplated steel. For each category of application, the type of coating needed and the key attributes of the coating are discussed. The bulk of the article describes electrodeposition technology, including plating line components and process classification.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001262
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... principles and control, solution composition, operating conditions, and necessary equipment modifications. electrolysis metal deposition process control pulsed-current plating pulsed-current plating equipment solution composition CONVENTIONAL PULSED-CURRENT PLATING (commonly referred...
Abstract
Pulsed-current plating can be defined simply as metal deposition by pulsed electrolysis, which involves using interrupted direct current to electroplate parts. This article discusses the advantages and limitations of pulsed-current plating and provides information on the process principles and control, solution composition, operating conditions, and necessary equipment modifications.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005583
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... The first high-frequency induction welding system was introduced for the continuous forge welding of the longitudinal seam in small steel tubes. The system used a 10 kHz motor generator equipped with a split-return induction coil suspended over the seam, similar to those used for continuously normalizing...
Abstract
High-frequency resistance welding (HFRW) is a process that uses high-frequency currents to concentrate the welding heat at the desired location. This article focuses on the fundamentals, advantages, limitations, and applications of HFRW. It discusses the personnel and equipment requirements as well as safety considerations necessary for the process. The article concludes with a discussion on the techniques for inspection and quality control of HFRW.
Book Chapter
Thermal Spray Applications in the Steel Industry
Available to PurchaseBook: Thermal Spray Technology
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005742
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... lines Optimized surface roughness from gripping and wear resistance Alternatives to hard chrome plating, HVOF technology WC-Co materials as an alternative to hard chrome plating Processing rolls—furnace Cold-rolled steel is heat treated (annealed or normalized) in continuous annealing lines...
Abstract
Thermal spray is an important surface-modification process implemented by the steel industry. This article reviews thermal spray materials and equipment used and also provides examples of where typical coated components result in improved performance. It contains a table that lists thermal spray applications in the iron-steel manufacturing industry.
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005308
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... involved in producing a master pattern and the initial casting of semifinished pattern plates. The expanding use of CNC machining and CAD data bases for parts dictates that direct machining of pattern equipment will continue to grow (see the section “Trends in Pattern Design and Manufacture...
Abstract
This article discusses the types of patterns used for a specific application such as loose patterns, match plate patterns, cope and drag patterns, and special patterns. It describes the principles of the patternmaking techniques used to make expendable molds and for metal casting processes such as die casting and permanent mold casting. The article reviews the pattern features and mold production considerations used in the pattern design, namely, parting line considerations, addition of gates and risers, core prints, and locating points. It examines the pattern allowances for ensuring a dimensionally correct final pattern. A variety of materials and advanced composite materials used in the manufacture of patterns are discussed. The article evaluates the factors influencing the selection of type of patterns for specific castings.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001265
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
..., and hybrid and other advanced applications. It describes two commercial processes, pretreatment and post-treatment. The article reviews the solutions used, controls and control equipment, and performance criteria of electroless copper plating. It concludes with information on the environmental and safety...
Abstract
Electroless, or autocatalytic, metal plating is a nonelectrolytic method of deposition from solution that can be plated uniformly over all surfaces, regardless of size and shape. The plating's ability to plate onto nonconductors is an advantage that contributes to the choice of electroless copper in various applications. This article provides information on the bath chemistry and deposit properties of electroless copper and discusses the applications of electroless copper plating, such as printed wiring boards, decorative plating-on-plastic, electromagnetic interference shielding, and hybrid and other advanced applications. It describes two commercial processes, pretreatment and post-treatment. The article reviews the solutions used, controls and control equipment, and performance criteria of electroless copper plating. It concludes with information on the environmental and safety issues associated with electroless copper plating.
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005288
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... and the numerous publications of equipment supply companies such as Rautomead, SMS Meer, and so on. Although a relatively simple process, the metallurgical complexities of continuous casting involve the thermal and mechanical interactions between the mold and the moving solidifying shell of the casting...
Abstract
This article reviews the history and methods of copper alloy continuous casting. These methods include vertical continuous casting and horizontal continuous casting. The article discusses the upcasting methods used in vertical continuous casting and strip casting used in horizontal continuous casting. The article also describes the methods and processes of wheel casting and the Ohno continuous casting method.
Book Chapter
Selective (Brush) Plating
Available to PurchaseBook: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001261
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... an absorbent wrapping for applying the solution to the workpiece (cathode). This article focuses on the selective plating systems that include a power pack, plating tools, anode covers, specially formulated plating solutions, and any auxiliary equipment required for the particular application. It provides...
Abstract
Selective plating, also known as brush plating, differs from traditional tank or bath plating in that the workpiece is not immersed in a plating solution (electrolyte). Instead, the electrolyte is brought to the part and applied by a handheld anode or stylus, which incorporates an absorbent wrapping for applying the solution to the workpiece (cathode). This article focuses on the selective plating systems that include a power pack, plating tools, anode covers, specially formulated plating solutions, and any auxiliary equipment required for the particular application. It provides a detailed account of the applications of selective plating, with examples. The article describes the advantages, limitations, key process elements, and health and safety considerations of selective plating. It also includes the most important industrial, government, and military specifications.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001228
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... of air, which cleans it and removes foreign contaminants and fines. Finally, the abrasive gravitates to a storage hopper and is ready for reuse, while contaminants are routed to disposal. Fig. 5 Airwash separator Continuous-Flow Machines Continuous-flow machines equipped with proper...
Abstract
Mechanical cleaning systems are used to remove contaminants of work surface by propelling abrasive materials through any of these three principal methods: airless centrifugal blast blade- or vane-type wheels; compressed air, direct-pressure dry blast nozzle systems; or compressed-air, indirect-suction (induction) wet or dry blast nozzle systems. This article focuses on the abrasive media, equipment, applications, and limitations of dry and wet blast cleaning. It discusses the health and safety precautions to be taken during mechanical cleaning.
Book Chapter
Heat Processing Equipment
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003198
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Batch furnaces and continuous furnaces are commonly used in heat treating. This article provides a detailed account of various heat treating equipment and its furnace types, including salt bath equipment (externally heated, immersed-electrode and submerged-electrode furnaces...
Abstract
Batch furnaces and continuous furnaces are commonly used in heat treating. This article provides a detailed account of various heat treating equipment and its furnace types, including salt bath equipment (externally heated, immersed-electrode and submerged-electrode furnaces), and fluidized-bed equipment (external-resistance-heated fluidized beds). It describes various auxiliary equipment used in cold-wall furnaces, namely, heating elements and pumping systems. Five types of heat-resistant alloys are used for furnace parts, trays, and fixtures: Fe-Cr alloys, Fe-Cr-Ni alloys, Fe-Ni-Cr alloys, nickel-base alloys and cobalt-base alloys. The article lists the recommended applications for alloys for parts and fixtures for various types of heat treating furnaces.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001247
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... of cadmium plating with attention to the materials of construction and equipment used. The article provides a description of the selection of plating method with examples, applications, and several postplating processes of cadmium plating. anode system bath temperature brighteners cadmium plating...
Abstract
Electrodeposits of cadmium are used to protect steel and cast iron against corrosion. This article provides an overview of the surface preparation of, and brighteners used in, cyanide baths. It focuses on the anode system, current density, deposition rates, and bath temperature of cadmium plating with attention to the materials of construction and equipment used. The article provides a description of the selection of plating method with examples, applications, and several postplating processes of cadmium plating.
Book Chapter
Corrosion of Electronic Equipment in Military Environments
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004129
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... reported the presence of tin whiskers (hairlike metallic growths) on tin-plated items of electrical equipment ( Ref 2 ). It has not been determined to this day (2006) if surface oxides, intermetallics, or some other mechanism caused the residual stress necessary for whisker growth. Finally, in the October...
Abstract
This article provides a historical review of corrosion problems in military electronic equipment. It describes the importance of design for corrosion control of an electronic black box used to contain electrical equipment that provides various functions. The article illustrates corrosion control aspects, such as the position of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and proper location of connectors for insertion of the PCBs. It discusses various materials and alloys considered for connectors, PCB contacts, and circuits. The article concludes with a discussion on the effects of contaminants on the electronic black box.
Book Chapter
Solid-State Welding Processes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003209
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... path is now placed in contact with one surface of the prime through the volume of the grains themselves. Mass production is not possible when the DB metal plate, which is maintained at a constant process is used. The type of equipment, process parallel separation from the backer or base plate. Process...
Abstract
This article describes the mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, fundamentals, capabilities, variations, equipment used, and weldability of metals in solid-state welding processes, including diffusion bonding, explosion welding, friction welding, ultrasonic welding, upset welding, and deformation welding.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001376
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... the actions shown in Fig. 6 and welds the plates together. Flattening The energy of bonding typically creates sufficient deformation that flattening or straightening is required prior to further processing. Flattening is performed with equipment of the same design used in plate and sheet manufacture...
Abstract
Explosion welding (EXW) is a solid-state metal-joining process that uses explosive force to create an electron-sharing metallurgical bond between two metal components. This article discusses the process attributes of EXW, including metallurgical attributes, metal combinations, size limitations, configuration limitations, and bond zone morphology. It provides an overview of the common industrial applications and shop welding applications of EXW products. The article reviews different safety standards and regulations, such as noise and vibration abatement and process geometry. It concludes with a section on the EXW process sequence for welding a two-component flat plate product.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001267
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
.... The article concludes with a discussion on the safety and environmental concerns associated with nonelectrolytic deposition processes. dispersion alloy coating electroless alloy deposition electroless alloy plating nonelectrolytic alloy plating nonelectrolytic alloy plating equipment...
Abstract
Metallic nonelectrolytic alloy coatings produced from aqueous solutions are commercially used in several industries, including electronics, aerospace, medical, oil and gas production, chemical processing, and automotive. Nonelectrolytic coating systems use two types of reactions to deposit metal onto a part: electroless and displacement. This article explains the various types of electroless and dispersion alloy coating systems. It provides information on the processing of parts, process control, deposit analysis, and equipment used for coating nonelectrolytic displacement alloys. The article concludes with a discussion on the safety and environmental concerns associated with nonelectrolytic deposition processes.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001256
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
...) are available commercially. Tin-lead plating has traditionally been done with fluoborate solutions, but MSA solutions have become popular in the electronics industry because they are less corrosive to plating equipment, more uniform in deposition, easier to control, and more acceptable environmentally...
Abstract
Electrodeposition of tin alloys is used to protect steel against corrosion or wear, to impart resistance to etching, and to facilitate soldering. This article focuses on the compositions, operating conditions, advantages, and limitations of methane sulfonic acid plating solutions and fluoborate plating solutions for tin-lead. It briefly describes the solution compositions and operating conditions of tin-bismuth, tin-nickel, and tin-zinc.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001250
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... and their breakdown products, and basic tin compounds formed by oxidation. These materials must be removed during operation. In a still tank, the precipitates gradually settle, but agitated solutions require continuous filtration. Acid-resistant equipment must be used. Lead-lined plating tanks were formerly used...
Abstract
A tin deposit provides sacrificial protection to copper, nickel, and many other nonferrous metals and alloys. Tin also provides good protection to steel. Tin can be deposited from either alkaline or acid electrolytes. This article explains the compositions and operating conditions of these electrolytes.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001393
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article provides information on soldering iron and the most common soldering iron tip. It describes the classifications of hand soldering equipment based on its temperature control method. These are constant-voltage, variable temperature, and tip-temperature-controlled soldering...
Abstract
This article provides information on soldering iron and the most common soldering iron tip. It describes the classifications of hand soldering equipment based on its temperature control method. These are constant-voltage, variable temperature, and tip-temperature-controlled soldering irons. The article also reviews the selection criteria of the soldering iron.
Book Chapter
Nonelectrolytic Deposition Processes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003216
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract This article describes the steps, bath composition and characteristics, equipment, plating rate, deposit thickness, and applications for different types of nonelectrolytic deposition processes, including electroless nickel plating, electroless copper plating and mechanical plating...
Abstract
This article describes the steps, bath composition and characteristics, equipment, plating rate, deposit thickness, and applications for different types of nonelectrolytic deposition processes, including electroless nickel plating, electroless copper plating and mechanical plating.
Book Chapter
Shearing, Slitting, and Cutting
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003179
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... be made at less cost by redesigning them for OFC and welding with the advantages of quick delivery of plate material from steel suppliers, low cost of oxyfuel gas cutting equipment, and flexibility of design. Structural shapes, pipe, rod, and similar materials can be cut to length for construction...
Abstract
This article discusses the operating principles, types, and applications of shearing and slitting of different forms of steel, including plates, flat sheets, bars, coiled sheet and strips. In addition, it provides a detailed account of the cutting methods such as oxyfuel gas cutting, plasma arc cutting, oxygen arc cutting, laser beam cutting, and air carbon arc cutting and gouging, describing their process capabilities, equipment used, operating principles and parameters, and factors affecting their efficiency.
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