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Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003403
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract Composite tooling is the making of tools from composite materials. This article focuses on wet lay-up methods and techniques that are used to fabricate prepreg tooling. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of composite tools. The article describes the process considerations...
Abstract
Composite tooling is the making of tools from composite materials. This article focuses on wet lay-up methods and techniques that are used to fabricate prepreg tooling. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of composite tools. The article describes the process considerations for composite tool design, such as master model or pattern design selection, fiber and fabric selection, resins, and surface coat and ply. Various tool laminate construction techniques, such as curing and demolding, and cutting and trimming, are reviewed. The article also describes the substructure design for the construction of tool laminates.
Image
Composite tool mounted on steel cart. Courtesy of The Advanced Composites G...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2001
Image
Published: 01 January 1989
Fig. 4 Microstructure of SiC whisker reinforced Al 2 O 3 composite tool material. (a) 2100×. (b) 5000×. Courtesy of Kennametal Inc.
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Image
Steel substructure attached to composite tool laminate. Courtesy of The Adv...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2001
Fig. 6 Steel substructure attached to composite tool laminate. Courtesy of The Advanced Composites Group, Inc.
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Book Chapter
Chemical Composition of Powder Metallurgy High-Alloy Tool Steels
Available to PurchaseBook: Powder Metallurgy
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006130
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... Abstract This article is a comprehensive collection of tables that list the nominal chemical composition of common powder metallurgy (PM) high-alloy tool steels, namely, PM high-speed, cold working, and corrosion-resistant tool steels. chemical composition cold working tool steel...
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive collection of tables that list the nominal chemical composition of common powder metallurgy (PM) high-alloy tool steels, namely, PM high-speed, cold working, and corrosion-resistant tool steels.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003398
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... displacement case, and general load case solution. Factors affecting the composite materials properties and allowables of fiber-reinforced polymers are reviewed. The article discusses the process considerations for mold design, such as master model, metal tooling, composite tooling, and tool care. It explains...
Abstract
This article presents the basic guidelines considered in designing a composite structure, and the basic definitions of terms that apply to composites. It describes the analysis of a composite laminate based on stress-strain relationships, stress-strain load relationships, general load displacement case, and general load case solution. Factors affecting the composite materials properties and allowables of fiber-reinforced polymers are reviewed. The article discusses the process considerations for mold design, such as master model, metal tooling, composite tooling, and tool care. It explains the resin selection in designing the composite for use in a particular application. The article illustrates the various methods that are used to process a composite component, namely, wet lay-up, autoclave, resin transfer molding, and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. It provides a discussion on electromagnetic interference shielding, electrostatic discharge protection, metal plating, fire resistance, and corrosion resistance on composite materials.
Image
Composite P/M die made of Stellite 6 and H13 tool steel. (a) About 6.5% Ste...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1990
Fig. 28 Composite P/M die made of Stellite 6 and H13 tool steel. (a) About 6.5% Stellite. (b) About 38% Stellite. Source: Ref 4
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Image
Isothermal transformation diagram for AISI S7 tool steel. Composition: 0.50...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 73 Isothermal transformation diagram for AISI S7 tool steel. Composition: 0.50% C, 0.71% Mn, 0.30% Si, 3.20% Cr, and 1.32% Mo. Austenitized at 940 °C (1725 °F). M s , martensite start; B s bainite start; B f , bainite finish; P s , pearlite start; P f , pearlite finish. Source: Atlas
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Image
Published: 01 January 2001
Book Chapter
Tooling and Assembly Quality Control
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003433
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract Tooling and assembly methodologies for advanced composites have steadily improved as a result of advancements in materials, through the use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology, and through application of sophisticated design for manufacturing and assembly...
Abstract
Tooling and assembly methodologies for advanced composites have steadily improved as a result of advancements in materials, through the use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology, and through application of sophisticated design for manufacturing and assembly concepts. This article reviews techniques and technologies that are used to control the quality of tooling and assembly methods for composite components.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003486
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract The applications of discontinuously reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) fall into four major categories, namely, cutting tool inserts; wear-resistant parts; aerospace and military applications; and other industrial applications, including engines and energy-related applications...
Abstract
The applications of discontinuously reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) fall into four major categories, namely, cutting tool inserts; wear-resistant parts; aerospace and military applications; and other industrial applications, including engines and energy-related applications. This article provides examples for these four categories, with an emphasis on those applications/materials that have achieved commercial viability. The applications for continuous fiber ceramic composites are also summarized.
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Cross section of multiple coatings of TiC on TiN on a Si 3 N 4 -TiC composi...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1989
Fig. 11 Cross section of multiple coatings of TiC on TiN on a Si 3 N 4 -TiC composite tool material
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Book Chapter
Autoclave Molding
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003041
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... in autoclave molding. It also describes the tooling configuration and type of tooling which includes aluminum and steel tooling, electroformed nickel tooling, graphite-epoxy tooling, and elastomeric tooling. autoclave molding autoclave molding materials autoclave system composites laminates layup...
Abstract
Autoclave molding is a process used to impart a controlled heat and pressure cycle cure to a layup. This article describes the materials used for preparing a layup, including peel ply, separator, bleeder, barrier, breather, dam, and vacuum bag. It describes the major elements and functions of an autoclave system, including pressure vessel, gas stream heating and circulation sources, gas stream pressurizing systems, vacuum systems, control systems, and loading systems. The article includes information about modified autoclaves for specialized applications and safety practices in autoclave molding. It also describes the tooling configuration and type of tooling which includes aluminum and steel tooling, electroformed nickel tooling, graphite-epoxy tooling, and elastomeric tooling.
Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002126
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
... Abstract Ceramics are materials with the potential for a wide range of high-speed finishing operations and for high removal rate machining of difficult-to-machine materials. This article describes the production process, composition, properties, and applications of ceramic tool materials...
Abstract
Ceramics are materials with the potential for a wide range of high-speed finishing operations and for high removal rate machining of difficult-to-machine materials. This article describes the production process, composition, properties, and applications of ceramic tool materials. It presents a comprehensive discussion on the properties and composition of alumina-base tool materials, including alumina and titanium carbide, alumina-zirconia, and silicon carbide whisker reinforced alumina, and silicon nitride base tool materials.
Book Chapter
Machining, Trimming, and Routing of Polymer-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003424
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article describes the machining operations of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy, or carbon/epoxy thermoset composite materials, such as drilling, reaming, routing, trimming, end milling, slot milling, and facing. It reviews cutting tools for machining, including solid carbide, diamond...
Abstract
This article describes the machining operations of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy, or carbon/epoxy thermoset composite materials, such as drilling, reaming, routing, trimming, end milling, slot milling, and facing. It reviews cutting tools for machining, including solid carbide, diamond plated, brazed diamond, diamond coated carbide, and polycrystalline cutting tools. The article also describes cutting tool materials that are used for peripheral milling, face milling, and the trimming of polymer-matrix composites.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003392
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... with the proper curing of the composite materials. Metallic tooling methods involving deposited metals, such as electroformed nickel or cast aluminum, are able to produce thinner metal molds without large machining operations. Composite tooling is considerably easier to fabricate, using lay-up and fabrication...
Abstract
This article describes common design criteria and identifies the design considerations that have a significant effect on the end product. The design criteria include cost, size, mechanical properties, repeatability and precision of parts, damage tolerance and durability, and environmental constraints.
Book Chapter
Nondestructive Analysis and Quality Control of Polymer-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003045
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
.... It reviews the important quality control techniques used during the manufacture of composite components by analyzing tooling control, material control, pattern orientation control, and in-process control. composite components equipment design in-process control material control nondestructive...
Abstract
Ultrasonic inspection is a nondestructive technique that is useful in both quality control and research applications for flaw detection in fiber-reinforced composite materials. This article describes ultrasonic nondestructive analysis by outlining its three basic types of scans. It reviews the important quality control techniques used during the manufacture of composite components by analyzing tooling control, material control, pattern orientation control, and in-process control.
Book Chapter
Design, Tooling, and Manufacturing Interaction
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003395
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... The role of the tool or mold is to impart the shape to the composite part during the manufacturing process. Tool design is based on the requirements for the tool to maintain its shape during the manufacturing process and is a function of the processing temperature, applied loads, and curing time...
Abstract
Designing composites for structural performance initially involves meeting a set of desired performance specifications at a minimum cost. This article discusses the factors that are considered in designing the manufacturing of polymeric composites. It describes the various aspects of manufacturing, forming process, and post-processing and fabrication for designing the composites.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002492
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... the structure during the process. Tooling Considerations The role of the tool or mold is to impart the shape to the composite part during the manufacturing process. Tool design is based on the requirements for the tool to maintain its shape during the manufacturing process and is a function...
Abstract
The goal of design is to improve the overall performance of the metal or ceramic matrix rather than to create a material with different response than the base matrix. This article focuses on the design for manufacturing polymeric composites. Specially developed methods including contact molding, compression-type molding, resin-injection molding, and pultrusion are described. The article also discusses the various factors to be considered in designing for composite manufacturing.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003367
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... composite tooling. Shimp et al. have characterized the reaction ( Ref 3 ). The general reaction for the formation of carbamate is shown in Fig. 4 . Fig. 4 Reaction of cyanate ester and water, formation and decomposition of carbamate, reaction of amine with OCN group. Source: Ref 3 Carbamate...
Abstract
Cyanate ester resins are a family of high-temperature thermosetting resins that bridge the gap in thermal performance between engineering epoxy and high-temperature polyimides. This article discusses the chemistry, properties and characteristics of the cyanate ester resins. It describes the processing procedures for the cyanate ester resins and provides information on properties for selected applications, such as space applications, radomes, and printed circuit boards.
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