Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
By
William C. Harrigan, Jr.
By
Patricia L. Stumpff
By
Dale Wilson, Leif A. Carlsson
By
William F. Cole, II, Mark S. Forte, Rikard B. Heslehurst
By
Scott Reeve
By
J.H. Miller, P.K. Liaw
Search Results for
composite testing methods
Update search
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
NARROW
Format
Topics
Book Series
Date
Availability
1-20 of 2092
Search Results for composite testing methods
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
1
Sort by
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003440
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... are either included in the test plan document or prepared separately and referenced by the test plan. Coupon test methods, historically developed for metals or plastics, in most cases cannot be directly applied to advanced composite materials. While the basic physics of test methods for composites may...
Abstract
A test plan specifies material properties to be evaluated, selects test methods, eliminates options offered by standard test methods by selecting specific specimen and test configurations, and defines success criteria. This article discusses various testing objectives that affect the execution of testing programs. The testing objectives include development of test matrices, testing standards, specimen preparation, environmental conditioning, instrumentation and data acquisition, failure modes, and data interpretation and recording.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003443
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... or more plies bonded together) test data. This article provides very general mechanical testing guidelines for the characterization of lamina and laminate properties. Because of the variety of composite materials currently in use, the test methods discussed in the article may not be appropriate...
Abstract
This article provides the general mechanical testing guidelines for the characterization of lamina and laminate properties. Guidelines are provided for tensile property, compressive property, shear property, flexure property, fracture toughness, and fatigue property test methods. The article also tabulates selected standards for lamina and laminate mechanical testing.
Book Chapter
Quality Assurance of Metal-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003437
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article describes the characterization techniques, mechanical tests, and nondestructive evaluation methods that are commonly used for metal-matrix composites. It also tabulates typical methods of particle size and size distribution measurement, as well as mechanical test...
Abstract
This article describes the characterization techniques, mechanical tests, and nondestructive evaluation methods that are commonly used for metal-matrix composites. It also tabulates typical methods of particle size and size distribution measurement, as well as mechanical test specifications for aluminum-matrix composites.
Book Chapter
Mechanical Testing of Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003044
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... that failures do not consistently occur near the end tabs. Even for the tapered metal-matrix specimens, consistent failure near the fillets are of concern. Data currently available indicate that the validity of the coupon test method is related to the form of the composite material. The more anisotropic...
Abstract
Testing of fiber-reinforced composite materials is performed to determine uniaxial tensile strength, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio relative to principal material directions, that helps in the prediction of the properties of laminates. Beginning with an overview of the fundamentals of tensile testing of fiber-reinforced composites, this article describes environmental exposures that often occur during specimen preparation and testing. These include exposures during specimen preparation, and planned exposure such as moisture, damage (impact), and thermal cycling techniques. The article also discusses the test procedures, recommended configurations, test specimen considerations, and safety requirements considered in the four major types of mechanical testing of polymer-matrix composites: tensile test, compression test, flexural test, and shear test.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003442
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... of resin content, along with void content, is useful in characterizing cure and in evaluation of mechanical test results. Reliable test methods exist for determining constituent content in simple composite systems with one fiber and one resin. ASTM D 2584 For resin matrix/glass composites, ASTM D...
Abstract
Characterization of nonmechanical properties is performed in the testing and certification of composite materials. This article focuses on the properties of composites that are commonly investigated. The properties include: per ply thickness; constituent content; density; coefficient of thermal expansion and coefficient of moisture expansion; glass transition temperature; thermal conductivity, diffusivity, and specific heat.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003445
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... of either overdesigning the metal structure or necessitating two test articles: one with an augmented metal structure for the environmentally factored composite test and one with no factors on the metal being tested to the ultimate load level to validate the metal elements. The only method that avoids...
Abstract
This article describes the role of the full-scale testing in assessing composite structural systems of aircraft and qualifying them for in-service use. The typical full-scale tests include static, durability, and damage tolerance. The article discusses the parameters to be considered when developing the basic requirements for the static test. These parameters consist of material considerations, moisture and temperature effects, structure size, load application alternatives, instrumentation requirements, test procedure considerations, ultimate load requirements, and test results correlation. The basic requirements common for durability and damage tolerance tests, including environmental effects and inspection requirements, are also discussed.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003462
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... standards. Some of the more common test methods for composites include: ASTM No. Title D 790 Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials D 2344/D 2344M Standard Test Method for Short-Beam Shear Strength of Polymer...
Abstract
This article describes the failure analysis procedures for composites and the techniques to be used in these analyses. These procedures include a review of the available in-service records, materials and processing methods, print requirements, and manufacturing records; visual analysis and nondestructive part evaluation; and verification of materials and processing methods. The article discusses the determination of fiber, matrix, and void volume fractions and verification of ply lay-up and orientation. A review of composites processing parameters; fractography and surface analysis; and mechanical testing and stress analysis is also presented.
Book Chapter
Visual Analysis, Nondestructive Testing, and Destructive Testing
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003463
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract Mechanical and environmental loadings cause a variety of failure modes in composites, including matrix cracking, fiber-matrix debonding, delamination between plies, and fiber breakage. This article summarizes visual analysis and nondestructive testing methods for the failure analysis...
Abstract
Mechanical and environmental loadings cause a variety of failure modes in composites, including matrix cracking, fiber-matrix debonding, delamination between plies, and fiber breakage. This article summarizes visual analysis and nondestructive testing methods for the failure analysis of composites. These methods include radiography, ultrasonic techniques, acoustic emission, and thermograph. The article also provides information on destructive test techniques.
Book Chapter
Mechanical Testing of Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003330
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
.... It provides information on the specimen preparation, instrumentation, and procedures for various mechanical test methods of fiber-reinforced composites. These include the compression test, flexure test, shear test, open hole tension test, and compression after impact test. The article describes three distinct...
Abstract
This article begins with a review of the purposes of mechanical characterization tests and the general considerations related to the mechanical properties of anisotropic systems, specimen fabrication, equipment and fixturing, environmental conditioning, and analysis of test results. It provides information on the specimen preparation, instrumentation, and procedures for various mechanical test methods of fiber-reinforced composites. These include the compression test, flexure test, shear test, open hole tension test, and compression after impact test. The article describes three distinct fracture modes, namely, crack opening mode, shearing mode, and tearing mode. It presents an overview of fatigue testing and fatigue damage mechanisms of composite materials and reviews the types of mechanical measurements that can be made during the course of testing to assess fatigue damage. The article concludes with a discussion on the split-Hopkinson pressure bar test.
Book Chapter
Maintainability Issues
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003456
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...-expired materials can also be checked against that standard. Tests that can be used on prepreg composites and adhesives (or any resin material) include: composite prepreg tack test, adhesive flow tests ( Ref 3 ), and other test methods provided in ASTM standards and Suppliers of Advanced Composite...
Abstract
Maintainability is a function of the durability, damage tolerance, and repairability of a structure. This article discusses the configurations of composite structures, such as sandwich, stiffened-skin, and monolithic structures, used in commercial aircraft composites. It describes the considerations for maintainability of the composite structures during the conceptual design phase. Sources of the defects and damage, such as manufacturing defects and in-service defects, are reviewed. The article describes the nondestructive inspection methods that are used in the repair of composite structures to locate damage, characterize the extent of damage, and ensure post-repair quality. It lists suggestions that can be used as design guidelines for adhesive bonding, general composite structure, sandwich structure, material selection, and lightning-strike protection. The article also provides the basic considerations for personnel, facilities, and equipment during maintenance.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003529
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article describes some of the common elemental composition analysis methods and explains the concept of referee and economy test methods in failure analysis. It discusses different types of microchemical analyses, including backscattered electron imaging, energy-dispersive...
Abstract
This article describes some of the common elemental composition analysis methods and explains the concept of referee and economy test methods in failure analysis. It discusses different types of microchemical analyses, including backscattered electron imaging, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and wavelength-dispersive spectrometry. The article concludes with information on specimen handling.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003441
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... centerline and that they do not slip in the grips at high loads. ASTM D 4018 method II test specimens require no special gripping mechanisms. Standard rubber-faced jaws should be adequate. Laminate Properties The most generally representative procedure for measuring composite properties is to combine...
Abstract
This article describes the most significant tests to characterize the properties of constituent materials. It discusses the chemical, physical, and mechanical tests for determining the properties of reinforcement fibers and fabrics. The article provides information on some of the basic materials used for thermoset and thermoplastic resin matrices. It reviews the identification of the individual characteristics of thermoset and thermoplastic resin along with the test methods normally used for their determination. The article contains a table that lists properties and tests for uncured and cured thermoset-matrix resins and prepregs.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Engineering Mechanics, Analysis, and Design
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003376
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... improvements to the scope and accuracy of analysis methods. Validated analysis methods that correctly predict test failure modes and strengths can confidently be used to reduce the quantity of tests (and costs) necessary to substantiate the use of composites in structures. Design The third general area...
Abstract
Composite materials offer amazing opportunities for delivering structures that are optimized to meet design requirements. This article provides a summary of the concepts discussed in the articles under the section “Engineering Mechanics, Analysis, and Design” in ASM Handbook, Volume 21: Composites. The section introduces many of the engineering approaches used in composite industry.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003444
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... and subcomponent testing and analysis is the selection of the type of test method, with due attention to the failure mode that is likely to result with a specific design in a particular composite system. The various failure modes for bolted joints described subsequently provide an example of how this needs...
Abstract
This article explores why structural element and subcomponent testing are conducted. It discusses the different types of failure modes in composites, and provides information on the testing methodology, fixturing, instrumentation, and data reporting. The article reviews various standard elements used to characterize composite materials for the various failure modes. Simple structural-element testing under in-plane unidirectional, multidirectional, and combined loading, as well as out-of-plane loading are discussed. Simple bolted and bonded joints, as well as data correlation are reviewed with analytical predictions. The article also provides a list of the ASTM testing standards applicable at the element level of testing for both polymer-matrix composites and metal-matrix composites. It concludes with a discussion on durability and damage tolerance testing.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003382
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... 19. Shyprykevich P. , The Role of Statistical Data Reduction in the Development of Design Allowables for Composites , Test Methods and Design Allowables for Fibrous Composites , Vol 2 , American Society for Testing and Materials , Philadelphia, PA , 1989 , p 111 – 135 20...
Abstract
In the design of composite structures for durability and damage tolerance, the primary concerns are out-of-plane failures, such as delamination, material degradation associated with environment, stability under compression loading, large degree of scatter in fatigue life, and bearing failure of joints. This article presents an introductory discussion on the fatigue damage process, methodologies assessing fatigue behavior, and life prediction models. It describes the damage mechanisms introduced for a quasi-isotropic laminate under tension-compression fatigue loading. Delamination is a critical issue in fatigue and generally results from high interlaminar normal and shear stresses. The article schematically illustrates the structural elements in which high interlaminar stresses are common. It concludes with a discussion on the classification of fatigue models such as mechanistic or phenomenological, for composite materials under cyclic loading.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003374
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... test, dynamic mechanical analysis, and voltage contrast x-ray spectroscopy. The composite lamina methods include the 90 o transverse flexural and tensile tests, three- and four-point shear, ±45 o and edge delamination tests, the short beam shear test method, and the mode I and mode II fracture...
Abstract
Fiber-matrix adhesion is a variable to be optimized in order to get the best properties and performance in composite materials. This article schematically illustrates fiber matrix interphase for composite materials. It discusses thermodynamics of interphase in terms of surface energy, contact angle, work of adhesion, solid surface energy, and wetting and wicking. The article describes the change in interphase depending on the reinforcing fiber such as glass fiber, polymeric fiber, and carbon fiber. It emphasizes fiber-matrix adhesion measurements by direct methods, indirect methods, and composite laminate tests. The effects of interphase and fiber-matrix adhesion on composite mechanical properties, such as composite on-axis properties, composite off-axis properties, and composite fracture properties, are also discussed.
Book Chapter
Porcelain Enamels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003683
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... for the dry-process method are applied and fused to thin, viscous coatings that protect the casting surface from excessive oxidation while it is heated to enameling temperature. Melted-oxide compositions of frits for enamels for cast iron Table 3 Melted-oxide compositions of frits for enamels for cast...
Abstract
Porcelain enamels are glass coatings applied primarily to products or parts made of sheet steel, cast iron, or aluminum to improve appearance and to protect the metal surface. This article provides information on the types and properties of the porcelain enamels and frits for porcelain enameling. It describes the corrosion resistance of the porcelain enamels in a variety of environments. Evaluation of properties of the porcelain-enameled products to control specifications and quality of porcelain-enamel coatings is also reviewed. The article contains a table that lists the specific test methods for evaluating various properties of porcelain enamels.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003439
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... different, and often so difficult? The reasons include the following. Material Anisotropy The properties of a test sample made of composite materials are often significantly different in different directions; consequently, special testing methods may be required. For example, uniaxial mechanical...
Abstract
Composites are complex engineered materials that often behave differently than common isotropic materials. Before testing a composite material, or before ordering or supervising such testing, the responsible party should review certain considerations. This article provides an overview of such considerations, namely, the differences between the testing of composites and testing of isotropic materials, role of certification agencies and importance of their involvement, building-block approach to composites testing, determining the purpose of testing, normalizing results, and statistical data reduction.
Book Chapter
Fracture Toughness of Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003311
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... specimen type. linear-elastic fracture mechanics elastic-plastic fracture mechanics fracture mechanics ceramics single edge notch bending testing compact tension testing double cantilever beam testing chevron notch methods double torsion method fracture toughness ceramic matrix composites...
Abstract
This article introduces the concepts of linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM). It reviews the fracture mechanics of ceramics and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The article describes some fracture toughness measurement techniques used on ceramics and CMCs: single edge notch bending, compact tension, double cantilever beam testing, chevron notch methods, and double torsion. It presents descriptions organized by their specimen types, and includes the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the experimental control schemes employed for each specimen type.
Book Chapter
Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are being developed for a number of high-temperature and high-performance applications in industrial, aerospace, and energy conservation sectors. This article focuses on processing, fabrication, testing, and characterization methods of CMCs, namely...
Abstract
Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are being developed for a number of high-temperature and high-performance applications in industrial, aerospace, and energy conservation sectors. This article focuses on processing, fabrication, testing, and characterization methods of CMCs, namely, discontinuously reinforced composites and continuous-fiber-reinforced composites. Processing methods include cold pressing, sintering, hot pressing, reaction bonding, melt infiltration, directed metal oxidation, sol-gel and polymer pyrolysis, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and joining. A table summarizes the properties of various ceramic reinforcements and industrial applications of these composites.
1