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Book Chapter

By Carl Rousseau
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003440
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... are either included in the test plan document or prepared separately and referenced by the test plan. Coupon test methods, historically developed for metals or plastics, in most cases cannot be directly applied to advanced composite materials. While the basic physics of test methods for composites may...
Book Chapter

By Rod Wishart
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003443
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... or more plies bonded together) test data. This article provides very general mechanical testing guidelines for the characterization of lamina and laminate properties. Because of the variety of composite materials currently in use, the test methods discussed in the article may not be appropriate...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003437
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article describes the characterization techniques, mechanical tests, and nondestructive evaluation methods that are commonly used for metal-matrix composites. It also tabulates typical methods of particle size and size distribution measurement, as well as mechanical test...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003044
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... that failures do not consistently occur near the end tabs. Even for the tapered metal-matrix specimens, consistent failure near the fillets are of concern. Data currently available indicate that the validity of the coupon test method is related to the form of the composite material. The more anisotropic...
Book Chapter

By John Moylan
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003442
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... of resin content, along with void content, is useful in characterizing cure and in evaluation of mechanical test results. Reliable test methods exist for determining constituent content in simple composite systems with one fiber and one resin. ASTM D 2584 For resin matrix/glass composites, ASTM D...
Book Chapter

By John E. McCarty
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003445
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... of either overdesigning the metal structure or necessitating two test articles: one with an augmented metal structure for the environmentally factored composite test and one with no factors on the metal being tested to the ultimate load level to validate the metal elements. The only method that avoids...
Book Chapter

By Patricia L. Stumpff
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003462
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... standards. Some of the more common test methods for composites include: ASTM No. Title D 790 Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials D 2344/D 2344M Standard Test Method for Short-Beam Shear Strength of Polymer...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003463
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract Mechanical and environmental loadings cause a variety of failure modes in composites, including matrix cracking, fiber-matrix debonding, delamination between plies, and fiber breakage. This article summarizes visual analysis and nondestructive testing methods for the failure analysis...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003330
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
.... It provides information on the specimen preparation, instrumentation, and procedures for various mechanical test methods of fiber-reinforced composites. These include the compression test, flexure test, shear test, open hole tension test, and compression after impact test. The article describes three distinct...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003456
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...-expired materials can also be checked against that standard. Tests that can be used on prepreg composites and adhesives (or any resin material) include: composite prepreg tack test, adhesive flow tests ( Ref 3 ), and other test methods provided in ASTM standards and Suppliers of Advanced Composite...
Book Chapter

By Debbie Aliya
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003529
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article describes some of the common elemental composition analysis methods and explains the concept of referee and economy test methods in failure analysis. It discusses different types of microchemical analyses, including backscattered electron imaging, energy-dispersive...
Book Chapter

By Shari Bugaj
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003441
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... centerline and that they do not slip in the grips at high loads. ASTM D 4018 method II test specimens require no special gripping mechanisms. Standard rubber-faced jaws should be adequate. Laminate Properties The most generally representative procedure for measuring composite properties is to combine...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003376
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... improvements to the scope and accuracy of analysis methods. Validated analysis methods that correctly predict test failure modes and strengths can confidently be used to reduce the quantity of tests (and costs) necessary to substantiate the use of composites in structures. Design The third general area...
Book Chapter

By Lawrence A. Gintert
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003444
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... and subcomponent testing and analysis is the selection of the type of test method, with due attention to the failure mode that is likely to result with a specific design in a particular composite system. The various failure modes for bolted joints described subsequently provide an example of how this needs...
Book Chapter

By Jeffrey R. Schaff
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003382
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... 19. Shyprykevich P. , The Role of Statistical Data Reduction in the Development of Design Allowables for Composites , Test Methods and Design Allowables for Fibrous Composites , Vol 2 , American Society for Testing and Materials , Philadelphia, PA , 1989 , p 111 – 135 20...
Book Chapter

By Lawrence T. Drzal
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003374
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... test, dynamic mechanical analysis, and voltage contrast x-ray spectroscopy. The composite lamina methods include the 90 o transverse flexural and tensile tests, three- and four-point shear, ±45 o and edge delamination tests, the short beam shear test method, and the mode I and mode II fracture...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003683
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... for the dry-process method are applied and fused to thin, viscous coatings that protect the casting surface from excessive oxidation while it is heated to enameling temperature. Melted-oxide compositions of frits for enamels for cast iron Table 3 Melted-oxide compositions of frits for enamels for cast...
Book Chapter

By Richard E. Fields
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003439
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... different, and often so difficult? The reasons include the following. Material Anisotropy The properties of a test sample made of composite materials are often significantly different in different directions; consequently, special testing methods may be required. For example, uniaxial mechanical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003311
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... specimen type. linear-elastic fracture mechanics elastic-plastic fracture mechanics fracture mechanics ceramics single edge notch bending testing compact tension testing double cantilever beam testing chevron notch methods double torsion method fracture toughness ceramic matrix composites...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are being developed for a number of high-temperature and high-performance applications in industrial, aerospace, and energy conservation sectors. This article focuses on processing, fabrication, testing, and characterization methods of CMCs, namely...