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Book Chapter

By Thomas A. Hunter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002430
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... Abstract This article discusses the need, purposes, and objectives of codes and standards. It describes several types of codes, such as safety and trade codes, and the different types of standards, namely, industry consensus standards, product definition standards, and commercial standards...
Image
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 11 Phases present in standard commercial alloys at various quenching temperatures More
Image
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 8 Phases present in standard commercial alloys at various quenching temperatures. Source: Ref 21 More
Book Chapter

By Peter Robinson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001067
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... Abstract This article is a compilation of the property data for standard grades of wrought copper and copper alloys. Data are provided for mechanical, physical, thermal, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. The list for each alloy includes its commercial names, chemical composition...
Book Chapter

By Daryl E. Crawmer
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005719
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... Abstract This article discusses various control processes carried out in powder feeding, thermal spraying, and gas flow of the thermal spray process to standardize the coating quality. Quality of the entire powder feeding process can be achieved by controlling the processing of feeding...
Book Chapter

By A.L. Kearney
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001062
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... Abstract This article is a compilation of property data for standard grades of cast aluminum alloys. Data are provided for mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. The listing for each alloy includes commercial names, chemical compositions, applications, relevant specifications...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003314
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
..., and, therefore, many can be applied to a standard test specimen and used to measure bending strains, Poisson's ratio, and strains in various axes. Commercially available gages provide resolutions and accuracies suitable for fatigue testing. Standard texts on strain gage usage (see, for example, Ref 6 ) can...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006592
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... Abstract This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy, fabrication characteristics, processing effects on physical and mechanical properties, and applications of commercially pure aluminum grades 1100 and 1100A. It contains table that lists the standard specifications for 1100...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006482
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract Commercial aluminum alloys are classified based on how they are made and what they contain. This article describes the ANSI H35.1 designation system, which is widely used to classify wrought and cast aluminum alloys. The ANSI standard uses a four-digit numbering system to identify...
Book Chapter

By Norm Clayton
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004120
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
.... For this reason and others, there has been a large effort in the DOD over the past ten years to evaluate the suitability of commercial specifications and standards (such as ASTM) and adopt them where suitable, canceling the associated military specification in the process. This effort has taken place under...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003097
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... in Table 2 . Draft angles and tolerances for steel forgings Table 2 Draft angles and tolerances for steel forgings Height or depth of draft Commercial standard Special standard mm in. Draft, degree Tolerance (a) , degree Draft, degree Tolerance (a) , degree Outside draft...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006548
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... founded Helisys in 1985, and laminated object manufacturing (LOM), a stack-and-cut process, was commercialized in 1991 ( Ref 36 ). In 1994, Kira Corp. commercialized Japan’s first nonstereolithography system. Called Solid Center, it used a standard laser printer engine, toner, and an x - y plotter...
Book Chapter

By Frederick T. Wallenberger, James C. Watson, Hong Li
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003353
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
..., fabric constructions, fabric weights, and commercial sources. ASTM Test Methods ASTM has published standard test methods for glass density ( Ref 17 ), alternating current loss characteristics and dielectric constant ( Ref 18 ), direct current conductance of insulating materials ( Ref 19...
Book Chapter

By Paul J. Walsh
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0009241
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... carbon fibers Table 1 Properties of PAN-based carbon fibers Property Commercial, standard modulus Aerospace Standard modulus Intermediate modulus High modulus Tensile modulus, GPa (10 6 psi) 228 (33) 220–241 (32–35) 290–297 (42–43) 345–448 (50–65) Tensile strength, MPa (ksi...
Book Chapter

By Hong Li, Pu Gu, Jim C. Watson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 April 2026
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0007043
EISBN: 978-1-62708-489-5
.... In addition, it covers all commercially available carbon, ceramic, boron, and high-temperature polymer fibers and yarns. This data book lists all yarn counts, fabric constructions, fabric weights, and commercial sources. ASTM International has published standard test methods for glass density ( Ref 20...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003437
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... of spherical equivalent diameter as a function of maximum particle dimension for an irregular particle with relative dimensions of 2.5 to 2 to 1 Commercially available silicon carbide, alumina, and boron carbide powders are measured by techniques defined in the British Abrasive Federation standard FEPA...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003119
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... sintering. Compositions and Properties Compositions Compositions of widely used commercial grades of stainless steels are given in Table 1 . Modified versions of these standard MPIF grades include alloys containing 1 to 2% Sn, 2% Cu, or 6% Mo for improved corrosion resistance; alloys containing 3...
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 3 Seven typical deep-drawn parts. Corner radii comply with standard commercial practice. Table 2 lists typical die materials used for drawing parts of similar configuration. Dimensions given in inches More
Image
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 1 Microstructure of commercially pure (CP) titanium joint brazed in vacuum at 890 °C (1630 °F) for 10 min using a standard filler metal BTi-5 in the form of amorphous foil 50 μm thick. Original magnification: 200× More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 16 Very soft metals; commercially pure tin (hardness, 6 HV). (a) Etched in 10% ammonium persulfate solution. Bright-field illumination. (b) Not etched. Polarized light illumination. A final polishing process incorporating a component of chemical solution is needed to achieve this standard More