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Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 30 Ball bearing outer race that was cold forged from sintered powder preform of 4620 lowalloy steel More
Book Chapter

By K.D. Clarke, C.J. Van Tyne
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006424
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... Abstract Both hot and cold forgings are batch-type processes in which steady-state conditions are never fully achieved and the initial lubricant supply must perform adequately for the duration of the operation. This article discusses methods to measure lubricant effectiveness and wear...
Book Chapter

By J. Richard Douglas
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003980
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... Abstract This article discusses the operation of upset forging machines and selection of the machine size. It describes several types of upsetter heading tools and their materials. The article reviews the cold shearing and hot shearing methods for preparing blanks for hot upset forging...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004032
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... Abstract This article lists functions of lubricants common to the majority of applications and processes. It discusses the lubricant candidates widely used in forging: conversion coatings with soaps (stearate compounds) and molybdenum disulfide for cold forging; oil-based thick, film oil...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003183
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
..., precision forging, and cold forging. computer-aided design die design forging processes materials selection types of hammers types of presses Hammers and Presses for Forging FORGING MACHINES fall into three categories according to their method of operation. Mechanical forging presses...
Book Chapter

By R.J. Glodowski
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001016
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... Abstract Wire rod is a semifinished product rolled from billet on a rod mill and is used primarily for the manufacture of wire. Steel wire rod is usually cold drawn into wire suitable for further drawing; for cold rolling, cold heading, cold upsetting, cold extrusion, or cold forging...
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 29 Relationship between crack width and stroke in truncated-cone indentation test for workability of various steels at cold forging temperatures. Source: Ref 58 More
Book Chapter

By Toby Padfield, Murali Bhupatiraju
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004004
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... and inspection to ensure satisfactory performance in cold-heading and cold-forging operations. Of the chromium-nickel group, types 305 and 302Cu are used for cold-heading wire and generally are necessary for severe upsetting. Other grades commonly cold formed include 304, 316, 321, 347, and 384. Of the 4...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003990
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... Abstract Radial forging is a hot- or cold-forming process that uses two or more radially moving anvils or dies to produce solid or tubular components with constant or varying cross sections along their lengths. This article focuses on the workpiece configuration, workpiece materials, machines...
Book Chapter

By Howard Kuhn
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003972
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
.... Note that cold working, represented by the “Cold draw” and “Cold extrude” lines, have lower roughness and tighter tolerance values than hot-worked material, represented by the “Hot roll, extrude, forge” line. Cold-worked material also has better finish and tolerance than the various casting processes...
Book Chapter

By S.L. Semiatin
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0009005
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... workability tests and illustrates their application in practical forging situations. Workability tests for open-die forging of cast structures, hot and cold open-die forging of recrystallized structures, fracture-controlled defect formation, establishing effects of process variables and secondary tensile...
Image
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 24 Temperature-time schedule for producing direct-cooled forgings and cold-finished bars More
Image
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 6 Through-thickness residual-stress magnitudes in cold-water-quenched forged block ( x = 300 mm, or 12 in.; y = 215 mm, or 8.5 in.; z = 215 mm, or 8.5 in.), measured from central vertex out toward surface More
Book Chapter

By J. Richard Douglas
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003986
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... method for preparing billets for precision forging. Cold-drawn, turned, or ground bar should be used to achieve much better diameter control. Sawing is also preferred to shearing for billet separation. However, recent developments in shearing machines that monitor bar diameter and continuously adjust...
Book Chapter

By H.W. Sizek
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003984
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... or a cold-working operation. Primary metals producers use hot-work radial forging to produce billet or bar. Starting stock can be ingots or cogs from ingots that have been forged to an intermediate size with an open-die forging operation. (See the article “Practical Aspects of Converting Ingot to Billet...
Book Chapter

By Chester J. Van Tyne, John Walters
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005884
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... the characteristics and processing considerations of each metal. It discusses forging because it is a versatile metalworking process and performed at cold, warm, and hot working temperatures. The article also presents the applications of steels, stainless steels, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, superalloys...
Book Chapter

By B. Lynn Ferguson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002485
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
.... For example, a screw-machined part has been first cast, hot rolled to bar stock, and possibly cold rolled or drawn prior to screw machining. A forging may have been cast, hot rolled to bar form, cropped into a billet, forged through multiple stations, and then finish machined. There are steps needed...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005994
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... rolling mills to produce various DHT steels for machining and cold forming applications. carbon content connecting rods crankshafts direct-forge quenching forging heat treatment microalloyed steel THE PURPOSE of this article is to discuss the state of the art in forging and direct heat...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003507
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... The article provides a discussion on the imperfections found in steel forgings. The problems encountered in sheet metal forming are also discussed. The article concludes with information on the causes of failure in cold formed parts. anisotropy blisters centerline shrinkage chemical segregation cold...
Book Chapter

By G.W. Kuhlman
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003996
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
..., usually at an angle to the other die, leading to the incremental deformation of the workpiece between the moving and stationary die. Orbital forging is used to produce parts with surfaces of revolution (such as impellers and discs) with both hot and cold forging processes for aluminum alloys. Orbital...