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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 52 Causes and cures of cold cracking in weld metal. Thermal severity number (TSN), which is four times the total plate thickness capable of removing heat from the joint, is thus a measure of the member's ability to serve as a heat sink.
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Published: 01 January 2002
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Published: 30 August 2021
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Published: 30 August 2021
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 103 Cold cracks in an RQC-90 steel plate welded with a high-hydrogen electrode. The sample was an implant specimen loaded to 193 MPa (28 ksi) during solidification. (a) Light micrograph showing cracking. Etched with nital. 80×. (b) SEM fractograph showing the intergranular nature
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 23 Reduction in thickness for onset of edge cracking in cold rolling versus reduction in area in tension test. Source: Ref 25
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in Corrosion Fatigue and Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Metallic Biomaterials
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 18 Stress-corrosion cracking by intergranular decohesion of cold-worked 316 stainless steel at high stress intensity in boiling magnesium chloride
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in Corrosion Fatigue and Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Metallic Biomaterials[1]
> Materials for Medical Devices
Published: 01 June 2012
Fig. 18 Stress-corrosion cracking by intergranular decohesion of cold-worked 316 stainless steel at high stress intensity in boiling magnesium chloride
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001034
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... of welds. The major tests that are discussed in this article are weld tension test, bend test, the drop-weight test, the Charpy V-notch test, the crack tip opening displacement test, and stress-corrosion cracking test. arc welding cold cracking fabrication hot cracking low-alloy steels...
Abstract
This article aims to survey the factors controlling the weldability of carbon and low-alloy steels in arc welding. It discusses the influence of operational parameters, thermal cycles, and metallurgical factors on weld metal transformations and the susceptibility to hot and cold cracking. The article addresses the basic principles that affect the weldability of carbon and low-alloy steels. It outlines the characteristic features of welds and the metallurgical factors that affect weldability. It describes the common tests to determine steel weldability. There are various types of tests for determining the susceptibility of the weld joint to different types of cracking during fabrication, including restraint tests, externally loaded tests, underbead cracking tests, and lamellar tearing tests. Weldability tests are conducted to provide information on the service and performance of welds. The major tests that are discussed in this article are weld tension test, bend test, the drop-weight test, the Charpy V-notch test, the crack tip opening displacement test, and stress-corrosion cracking test.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001404
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
...' susceptibility to hydrogen-assisted cold cracking relative to carbon content and carbon equivalent. carbon steel chromium-molybdenum steels cold cracking fabrication heat-treatable low-alloy steels high-strength low-alloy steels low-alloy steels low-carbon steels quenched-and-tempered steels...
Abstract
This article presents in-depth metallurgical information about the response of carbon and low-alloy steels to welding conditions and micro-structural evolution in the weld heat-affected zone. It discusses the fabrication weldability and service weldability of carbon and low-alloy steels. The article describes six general classes of the metal: low-carbon steels, high-strength low-alloy steels, quenched-and-tempered steels, heat-treatable low-alloy steels, thermal-mechanical-controlled processing steels, and chromium-molybdenum steels. It concludes with an illustration of steels' susceptibility to hydrogen-assisted cold cracking relative to carbon content and carbon equivalent.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001342
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article discusses four types of defects in materials that have been fusion welded and that have been the focus of much attention because of the magnitude of their impact on product quality. These include hot cracks, heat-affected zone (HAZ) microfissures, cold cracks, and lamellar...
Abstract
This article discusses four types of defects in materials that have been fusion welded and that have been the focus of much attention because of the magnitude of their impact on product quality. These include hot cracks, heat-affected zone (HAZ) microfissures, cold cracks, and lamellar tearing. These defects, all of which manifest themselves as cracks, are characteristic of phenomena that occur at certain temperature intervals specific to a given alloy. The article presents selected alloy 625 compositions used in weldability study.
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 1 Graville diagram showing susceptibility of steels to hydrogen-assisted cold cracking relative to carbon content and carbon equivalent (CE), where CE = %C + (%Mn + %Si)/6 + (%Ni + %Cu)/15 + (%Cr + %Mo + %V)/5. Susceptibility to cold cracking progressively increases as steels migrate from
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001431
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... and weld penetration tests, weld pool shape tests, and Gleeble testing for evaluating weld pool shape, fluid flow, and weld penetration. cold cracking cracking susceptibility fluid flow Gleeble testing hot cracking weld penetration weld pool shape weldability THIS ARTICLE describes many...
Abstract
This article focuses on the tests for evaluating the weldability, cracking susceptibility, weld pool shape, fluid flow, and weld penetration of base materials. These tests include different types of self-restraint tests, externally loaded tests for evaluating cracking susceptibility and weld penetration tests, weld pool shape tests, and Gleeble testing for evaluating weld pool shape, fluid flow, and weld penetration.
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 7 Effect of steel composition (HY-80, HSLA-80, HSLA-100) on the susceptibility to cold cracking in the HAZ. Source: Ref 13
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in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 12 A cracked cementite particle in a cold-rolled low-carbon steel (approximately 0.1% C). A high magnification view of a cracked cementite particle showing multiple cracks and shattering. Courtesy of Richard Holman, University of Tennessee
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 19 Fatigue crack growth rates for annealed and cold worked Type 304 stainless steel at 25 and 427 °C (77 and 800 °F), 0.17 Hz, and an R ratio of 0. Source: Ref 16
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in Metallography and Microstructures of Stainless Steels and Maraging Steels[1]
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 48 Carbides cracked due to excessive cold deformation in (a) 440B etched with Vilella's reagent and (b) 440C martensitic stainless steel etched with modified Fry's reagent
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 7 Fatigue crack growth rates for annealed and cold worked type 304 stainless steel at 25 and 427 °C (77 and 800 °F), 0.17 Hz, and an R ratio of 0
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in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 12 Cracked cementite particle in a cold rolled low-carbon steel (approximately 0.1% C). High-magnification view of a cracked cementite particle shows multiple cracks and shattering. Courtesy of R. Holman, University of Tennessee
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001408
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... with the volume change upon martensitic transformation, the risk of cracking will increase when hydrogen from various sources is present in the weld metal. Therefore, the use of low-hydrogen consumables is mandatory. Hydrogen-induced cold cracking in martensitic stainless steel weldments is also discussed in more...
Abstract
This article describes general welding characteristics such as weld microstructure and weldability. The correlations of preheating and postweld heat treatment practices with carbon contents and welding characteristics of martensitic stainless steels are reviewed. The article contains a table that lists the electrodes and welding rods suitable for use as filler metals in the welding of martensitic stainless steels. It provides specific arc welding procedural recommendations for the commonly welded martensitic stainless steels. Martensitic stainless steel joining methods such as laser-and electron-beam welding, resistance welding, flash welding, and friction welding, are discussed.
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