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Book Chapter

Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002183
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
... and spotfacing, tapping and thread milling, milling, sawing, and grinding are discussed. Nominal compositions of wrought heat-resistant alloys and nickel-base heat-resistant casting alloys, as well as compositions of cobalt-base heat-resistant casting, iron-base heat-resistant casting, and mechanically alloyed...
Book Chapter

By Steve Sikkenga
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... coatings continuous casting gas turbines heat treatment hot isostatic pressing microstructure orthopedic implants phases physical metallurgy crystallography foundry methods argon-oxygen decarburization cobalt alloy castings wear-resistant alloys corrosion-resistant alloys COBALT-BASE...
Book Chapter

By D.L. Klarstrom
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006267
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... of these materials, partially because it restricts grain growth during heat treatment and service. Structural stability is enhanced in these alloys by nickel, which decreases the fcc-to-hcp transformation temperature in cobalt-base alloys. Cast heat-resistant alloys, such as alloys MAR-M 509 and FSX-414...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001430
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... the ductility of a welded structure. A postweld heat treatment is recommended, especially if the cold forming of a weldment after welding is a required part of the fabrication sequence. Tensile properties of welded cobalt-base corrosion-resistant alloy UNS R31233 relative to wrought and cast products at room...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003737
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract This article discusses the specimen preparation of three types of cast and wrought heat-resistant alloys: iron-base, nickel-base, and cobalt-base. Specimen preparation involves sectioning, mounting, grinding, polishing, and etching. The article illustrates the microstructural...
Book Chapter

By Paul Crook
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001073
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... Abstract This article provides a general overview of physical and mechanical properties, alloy compositions, applications, and product forms of cobalt-base alloys as wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and/or heat-resistant materials. The discussion is largely focused on cobalt-base alloys...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003148
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
...) At 38 °C (100 °F). (g) At 540 °C (1000 °F). (h) At 815 °C (1500 °F) Cast cobalt-base heat-resistant alloys, such as alloys MAR-M 509 and FSX-414 in Table 2 , are designed around a cobalt-chromium matrix with chromium contents ranging from 18 to 30 wt%. The high chromium content...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003771
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... 2 C due to the presence of molybdenum. Heat-Resistant Cobalt Alloys Cobalt-base superalloys for aircraft engines were among the first true members of the superalloy family. An historical perspective of these materials is given in Table 9 . The initial applications involved cast compositions...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003152
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... 5170 750 558 81 13 5.8 6.8 50 (a) Based on a value of 100 for the most abrasion-resistant material The commercially significant alloys contain cobalt in the range of 3 to 25 wt%. For machining purposes, alloys with 3 to 12% Co and carbide grain sizes from 0.5 to more than 5 μm...
Book Chapter

By Robert Pilliar, Scott D. Ramsay
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005669
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... in the 1930s to their preferred use over stainless steel for making removable partial denture frameworks in dentistry as low-cost alternatives to gold-base alloys ( Ref 2 ). This represented one of the earliest uses of a cobalt-chromium alloy as a biomaterial. The excellent corrosion resistance displayed...
Book Chapter

By Matthew J. Donachie, Stephen J. Donachie
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003120
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... on the mechanical properties and chemical composition of nickel, iron, and cobalt-base superalloys in both the cast and wrought forms. chemical composition cobalt-base superalloys environmental factors high-temperature applications iron-base superalloys mechanical properties metal processing...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006390
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
...-temperature (heat-resistant) cobalt-base alloys Alloy 4 R30404 bal 30 14 ≤1 0.6 ≤3 ≤3 ≤2 ≤1 … Alloy 4 is a machinable casting alloy with good high-temperature strength. It is used for hot pressing dies and hot extrusion dies, especially for Cu and Al alloys. Alloy 25 (L605) R30605 bal 20...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003188
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Associates, Inc. Cobalt-Base Cutting Tools Cobalt-base cutting tools have been available since about 1920. These materials are generally cast cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloys with carbon and other alloy additions. They are not heat treatable, and the maximum hardness (55 to 65 HRC) occurs near...
Book Chapter

By Gary L. Erickson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001050
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... components is precisely controlled so that the microstructure, which ultimately determines mechanical properties, remains consistent. Heat treating cast superalloys involves homogenization and solution heat treatments or aging heat treatments. cast cobalt-base superalloys cast microstructure heat...
Book Chapter

By Alan M. Bayer, Bruce A. Becherer
Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002121
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
... steels, see Fig. 1 in the article “Cast Cobalt Alloys” in this Volume. Fig. 1 Comparison of the hot hardness of cobalt-base (M33, M36, M4, and T15) type versus noncobalt-base (M1, M2, M4, M7, and T1) type high-speed tool steels Wear Resistance The third component of cutting ability...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001453
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article focuses primarily on the various steps involved in the brazing of heat-resistant alloys (nickel- and cobalt-base alloys). The major steps include the selection of brazing filler metals, surface cleaning and preparation, brazing processes and their corresponding atmospheres...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006573
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... °F) to room temperature. If the cooling rate is slow and/or the alloy is heat treated above 800 °C (1472 °F), ε-Co with a hexagonal close-packed structure can form. Fusion-based AM processes are the most common fabrication methods for cobalt alloys. The solidification rate is high during laser...
Book Chapter

By Joseph R. Stephens
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001052
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... was to increase the high-temperature strength of the nickel-base alloy. By the 1930s there were two iron-baseheat-resisting alloys” containing either tungsten or molybdenum additions, and the use of these two metals was widely accepted in cobalt-base alloys. In the early 1950s, alloys containing about 5 wt% Mo...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003817
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... these carbide precipitates within the microstructure provide enhanced strength and low stress abrasion resistance, the outstanding wear characteristics of the Co-Cr-W alloys are due primarily to the properties of the cobalt-rich matrix, which has a metastable fcc structure in the as-cast or as-deposited...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006266
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... applications. It focuses on the solution treatment and age hardening of cast nickel-base superalloys and the heat treatment of cast solid-solution alloys for corrosion-resisting applications. The article also discusses the typical types of atmospheres used in annealing or solution treating: exothermic...