Fig. 20 Erosion rate of metallic coatings (frequency = 20 kHz; distance between specimen and vibration horn = 1 mm; vibration amplitude = 50 μm; temperature = 25 °C; liquid: 3% NaCl aqueous solution). Source: Ref 38 More

Fig. 15 Schematic of coating delamination process for cermet and ceramic coatings More

Fig. 5 Effect of humidity on hard dry of next-generation polyaspartic coatings. RH, relative humidity More

Fig. 2 Fusion-bonded epoxy coatings are a one part, heat-cured, thermosetting epoxy coating designed for corrosion protection of metal and electrical insulation. They depend on the chemistry of the materials used. The chemistry in turn relies on the formulation components—epoxy resin ( Ref 5 More

Fig. 3 Fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) provides the basis for several corrosion coatings: FBE stand-alone pipe, internal lining for down-hole or water pipe, corrosion barrier for reinforcement and other structural steel, dual-layer FBE pipe to provide a high-friction surface or improve damage More

Fig. 12 Three-layer pipe coatings consist of a primary epoxy, a copolymer or grafted adhesive, and a polyolefin topcoat. There is a chemical reaction between the fusion-bonded epoxy and the adhesive polyolefin. The adhesive and topcoat melt-fuse together. Courtesy of Basell More

Fig. 8 Process flow for the manufacture of powder coatings More

Fig. 13 Orange-peel problem. Courtesy of Denis Grimshaw, Jotun Powder Coatings More

Fig. 14 Texturelike appearance. Courtesy of Denis Grimshaw, Jotun Powder Coatings More

Fig. 1 Resin binder systems used in coatings. Source: Ref 9 More

Fig. 2 Number of U.S. patents issued for silicone-epoxy hybrid coatings per year More

Fig. 5 Reactivity of zinc-rich coatings in various pH environments. Source: Ref 17 More

Fig. 5 The Society for Protective Coatings' visual standards. Courtesy of KTA-Tator, Inc. More

Fig. 21 Mill-applied pipeline coatings used in North America More

Fig. 11 Evolving factors surrounding transition to ultrahigh-solids coatings. Courtesy of Naval Sea Systems Command More

Fig. 17 Old red lead paint beneath more recent coatings on a bridge. Courtesy of KTA-Tator, Inc. More

Fig. 8 Baked coatings on standing seam roofs provide long-term color and gloss retention. More

Fig. 4 Chalking of existing coatings. Courtesy of KTA-Tator, Inc. More

Fig. 40 Paint coatings with visible cracks, which may penetrate down to the substrate More

Fig. 17 Panels coated with gloss white waterborne acrylic direct-to-metal coatings based on conventional and new technology acrylic latex polymers. Panels are blasted hot rolled steel (SSPC-SP 5) with 75 μm (3 mils) dry film thickness of each coating and are shown after 35 days of salt spray More