Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), commonly called stick or covered electrode welding, is a manual welding process whereby an arc is generated between a flux-covered consumable electrode and a workpiece. This article discusses the advantages and limitations and applications of the SMAW process and describes the equipment used. It provides information on various coated electrodes used in the SMAW process, including mild and low-alloy steel-covered electrodes, stainless steel covered electrodes, and nickel and copper alloys covered electrodes. It reviews weld schedules and procedures, as well as the variations of the SMAW process. The article concludes with information on the special applications of the SMAW process and safety considerations.

This article describes the principles of operation, operating techniques, equipment selection, and important process variables of air-carbon arc cutting. It also provides information on the safety practices to be followed during the air-carbon arc cutting process.

This article describes the process applications, advantages, and limitations of resistance seam welding. The fundamentals of lap seam welding are also reviewed. The article details the types of seam welds, namely, lap seam welds and mash seam welds, and the processing equipment used for lap seam welding. The primary factors used to determine the selection of electrodes, including alloy type and wheel configuration, are reviewed. The article also describes weld quality and process control procedures.

Resistance seam welding (RSEW) is a process in which the heat generated by resistance to the flow of electric current in the work metal is combined with pressure to produce a welded seam. This article discusses the various classes of the RSEW process, namely roll spot welding, reinforced roll spot welding, and leak-tight seam welding. It provides information on the applications of lap seam weld, mash seam weld, and butt seam weld. The article reviews the advantages and limitations of seam welding compared to resistance spot welding, projection welding, and laser welding. It describes the four basic types of resistance seam weld machines: circular, longitudinal, universal, and portable. The article concludes with a discussion on weld quality and process control for seam welding.

Electric arc cutting is used on ferrous and nonferrous metals for rough severing, such as removing risers or scrap cutting, as well as for more closely controlled operations. This article describes the operating principles, equipment selection, process variables, and safety measures recommended for plasma arc cutting and air carbon arc cutting. Special applications of electric arc cutting, including shape cutting, gouging, and underwater cutting, are also discussed. The article provides information on other electric arc cutting methods, namely, the exo-process and oxygen arc cutting. It concludes with information on the seldom-used electric arc cutting methods, such as shielded metal arc cutting, gas metal arc cutting, and gas tungsten arc cutting.

This article focuses on the testing and typical corrosion behavior of coating-substrate systems in aqueous solutions and humid aggressive atmospheres. It includes a short review of the fundamentals of corrosion, followed by a discussion of specific system behavior, electrochemical and laboratory accelerated tests, and simulated service tests. The article also contains examples of different types of corrosion damage and presents guidelines for improving corrosion resistance.

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is the most widely used joining technique for the assembly of sheet metal products. This article discusses the process description, evaluation methods, and applications of RSW. It describes the equipment needed for RSW and explicates the major functions of electrodes in RSW and effect of surface condition on the technique. The article concludes with information on the safety precautions to be followed during the welding process.

A variety of electrochemical techniques are used to detect and monitor material deterioration in service or in the field. This article describes the static or direct current measurements in a number of applications, including buried pipelines and storage tanks. It reviews the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical noise measurements in a laboratory, especially for the inspection of coatings.

Metals and alloy powders are used in welding, hardfacing, brazing, and soldering applications, which include hardface coatings, the manufacturing of welding stick electrodes and flux-cored wires, and additives in brazing pastes or creams. This article reviews these applications and the specific powder properties and characteristics they require.

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a process in which faying surfaces are joined in one or more spots by the heat generated by resistance to the flow of electric current through workpieces that are held together under force by electrodes. This article discusses the major advantages of spot welding and the three principal elements, such as electrical circuit, control circuit, and mechanical system, of RSW machines. It reviews the three basic types of RSW machines: pedestal-type welding machines, portable welding guns, and multiple spot welding machines. The article provides information on weldabilily of uncoated steels and zinc-coated steels, as well as aluminum alloys.

Steel storage tanks are the primary means for storing large volumes of liquids and gaseous products. The stored fluid could be water, but it could also be volatile, corrosive, and flammable fluid requiring special precautions for storage as well. Corrosion is generally worst where the tank is in contact with the soil. This article describes the soil characteristics and addresses cathodic protection (CP) criteria for submerged metallic piping systems. It provides information on the data required for designing a CP system, alone or in conjunction with a protective coating system. These data are collected from predesign site assessments, tank electrical characteristics, and soil-resistivity measurements. The article addresses NACE Standard RP0169, which gives requirements and desired characteristics for coating in conjunction with CP. It also explains the methods of protecting aboveground storage tanks and underground storage tanks.

This article describes the process, advantages, limitations, applications, and equipment used for shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). It provides information on the types of electrodes, weld schedules, and welding procedures. The article explains the electrodes used in the SMAW process that have different compositions of core wire and a variety of flux-covering types and weights. It includes information on gravity and firecracker welding and discusses dry and wet types of underwater welding. Finally, the article reviews the safety considerations to be followed during SMAW.

Alloys 333.0 and A333.0 are age-hardenable permanent mold casting alloys recommended for high-temperature applications requiring pressure tightness. This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy, processing effects on physical and mechanical properties, fabrication characteristics, and application characteristics of these 3xxx series alloys.

This article is a compilation of tables summarizing the fusion welding process. Included in the article is a table that presents the various fusion welding and cutting processes and their applications. Information on the general characteristics of arc welding processes is tabulated. The article also contains a list of the various criteria for selecting the suitable welding process for carbon steels.

This article describes the characteristics of continuous cathodic arc sources and filtering process for removing macroparticles from a cathodic arc. It provides information on the types of arc sources and the properties of deposited materials. The advantages, limitations, and applications of arc deposition are also discussed.