Fig. 4 Different types of dimples formed during microvoid coalescence. (a) Conical equiaxed dimples in a spring steel specimen. (b) Shallow dimples in a maraging steel specimen More

Fig. 9 Dimpled rupture created by microvoid coalescence in a quenched and tempered steel. Note the presence of carbide particles in the bottom of several dimples. Palladium shadowed two-stage carbon replica. Because the image is a replica of the fracture surface, there is a reversal More

Fig. 17 Microvoid coalescence in an aluminum-silicon alloy (A380) loaded in tension. (a) Fracture surfaces consist of cleaved particles (i.e., silicon) and ridged fracture of the aluminum. 200×. (b) Higher-magnification (1440×) view of boxed region. (c) A fractured aluminum ligament surrounded More

Fig. 20 Oriented coalescence of the γ′ phase in CMSX-2 after 20 h of creep at 1050 °C (1920 °F) under 120 MPa (17.4 ksi). Tensile stress axis is [001]. Source: Ref 29 More

Fig. 5 The nature of crack shape development during (a) the coalescence of two semicircular cracks, (b) the coalescence of multiple cracks in autofrettaged gun tubes, and (c) the application of varying mean stress fatigue loading More

Fig. 20 Coalescence of the γ′ phase into “rafts” under creep loading. Source: Ref 24 More

Fig. 13 McClintock model of void coalescence by shear from (a) initial circular voids, through (b) growth, and (c) void contact More

Fig. 10 Nucleation and coalescence of eutectic grains in cast iron. (a) Early solidification. (b) Late solidification. (c) After solidification at room temperature. Source: Ref 5 More

Fig. 42 Variant coalescence of 18R martensite in Cu-Zn-Ga under applied stress. Source: Ref 42 . Reprinted with permission More

Fig. 2 Sequence of crack initiation, coalescence, and growth during subcritical cracking in aqueous environments. Note that “engineering initiation” corresponds to crack dimensions equal to crack detection capabilities, i.e., function of crack resolution and probability of detection. Source More

Fig. 21 McClintock model of void coalescence by shear from (a) initial circular voids, through (b) growth, and (c) void contact or coalescence. More

Fig. 44 Simulated formation of microvoids and their growth and coalescence. Source: Ref 44 More

Fig. 74 (a) View of coalescence pit. (b) Magnified view of pit showing presence of possibly a sand particle More

Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscopy image showing microvoid coalescence in a fractured nitinol wire More

Fig. 10 Dimpled rupture created by microvoid coalescence. Courtesy of Engineering Systems, Inc. More

Fig. 17 Microvoid coalescence in an aluminum-silicon alloy (A380) loaded in tension. (a) Fracture surfaces consist of cleaved particles (i.e., silicon) and ridged fracture of the aluminum. Original magnification: 200×. (b) Higher-magnification (1440×) view of boxed region. (c) Fractured More

Fig. 13 Micrograph showing the initiation, propagation, and coalescence of multiple environmental stress cracks. The individual cracks are separated by ridgelike crack unions. More

Fig. 12 Nucleation and coalescence of eutectic grains in cast iron. (a) Early solidification. (b) Late solidification. (c) After solidification (room temperature). Original magnification: 20×. Source: Ref 18 More

Fig. 5 Schematic of the stages of coalescence and film formation of a latex coating. (a) Coating on substrate immediately after application. (b) As water evaporates, the solvent-to-water ratio increases, and latex particles close together. (c) All water evaporates, and only latex particles More

Fig. 40 Proposed sequence of crack initiation, coalescence, and growth for steels undergoing subcritical cracking in aqueous environments More