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co-cured panels

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003455
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article discusses the requirements for designing repairable composite structures such as a honeycomb sandwich panel construction and integrally stiffened co-cured composite structures. It reviews the general and specific design guidelines for bolted or riveted repairs...
Image
Published: 01 January 2001
Fig. 14 Integrally stiffened co-cured composite trailing-edge panel More
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003046
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... repair of composite primary aircraft components. Although these meager results and other attempts were not encouraging, the scarf joint with a co-cured patch that was essentially flush with the outer mold line looked promising if it could be understood and optimized. The U.S. Air Force funded...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003477
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... ). The box had 2 covers, 2 spars, and 11 ribs. The skins were co-cured in a single piece from a 180 °C (350 °F) curing tape material. Fig. 2 L-1011 advanced composite vertical fin configuration In the late 1970s, in reaction to the oil crisis, NASA created the Aircraft Energy Efficiency (ACEE...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001466
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... ply to the substrate has proved to be a slow process that is not well suited to large panels. Similarly, it is common practice in making thermoset composite aircraft panels to include a surfacing layer of film adhesive co-cured with the parent matrix to both facilitate getting the paint to adhere...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009083
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... to the cell walls ( Ref 3 ). Perpendicular to the cell walls, the honeycomb core has low strength but is reinforced by the outer composite skins. Commonly, the bond between the honeycomb core and the prepreg skins is created by a film adhesive layer. A surfacing film is often co-cured with the composite...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003405
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... and many commercial industries. Composite parts have grown from simple-shaped parts to large, highly contoured co-cured structures. The fabrication of co- cured structures reduces or even eliminates fasteners, mate joints, part count, subassembly, and assembly operations. Recently developed lean...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003411
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
..., such as stringers, ribs, C-channels, I-beams, and so on, or stacked onto a contour skin tool to form a contour skin panel. The formed structural parts or skin panels are cured either as a separate structural part or skin panel, or assembled together and co-cured/co-bonded as a contoured skin panel with structural...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003452
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...) adhesive and conditioned at 49 °C (120 °F) and 95–100% relative humidity. Data represent the average of 5–10 specimens from one or two panels and typify data routinely obtained by the Air Force Research Laboratory for the represented surface preparations. (a) co, cohesive failure within the adhesive...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003695
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
.... The collection and production of raw natural rubber from plantations rely principally on acid coagulation to concentrate the latex (caoutchouc). The raw plant sap (latex) is collected and processed in large tanks, where formic or acetic acid is introduced as the coagulating agent. Subsequent drying, curing...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006011
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... moisture in the case of moisture-cured coatings and primers. Isocyanates also can react with any co-reactant with an active hydrogen compound, such as primary and secondary amines. A polyol is a polymer containing multiple hydroxyl or alcohol groups. A hydroxyl unit contains O-H reactive groups...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003475
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... are usually thin, and most components are, in fact, sandwich structures with composite facesheets. Some sandwich panels consist of precured facesheets adhesively bonded to the aluminum honeycomb core. The “cocured” sandwich, in which the facesheet and the adhesive are cured simultaneously, is becoming common...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003041
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
..., an acceptable fit can be obtained without shimming. Precured covers for highly stressed honeycomb panels are also molded on IML tools so that the contour of the mating surface of the skin and honeycomb is always the same. Typically, OML tooling is used for honeycomb panels made by the co-curing process in one...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003045
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... on a convention for interpreting ply orientation. The part surface that will be tooled, or, in the event of co-curing, the precured interface surface is the most common place to start. Figure 8 illustrates one possible orientation system, but many others can be used. Once a convention has been selected...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... conditions. It then focuses on the characteristics, types, and properties of the five groups of adhesives, such as structural, hot melt, pressure sensitive, water based, ultraviolet, and electron beam cured adhesives. The article also discusses the functions and applications of adhesive modifiers, including...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003010
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... is achieved with epoxy modification. Co-reactivity with epoxy resins: Formation of chain-extending oxazoline rings (co-reaction) and catalysis of excess epoxide (homopolymerization) permits formulation of hybrids containing up to 70 to 80% epoxy resin. Benefits are lower cure-temperature requirements...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003428
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... of anticorrosion materials and consumable materials. Barriers Barriers are the predominant method for corrosion prevention, applied either during fabrication or assembly. Fabrication-applied preventatives include materials such as fiberglass ply being co-cured onto the CFRC part surface. Another fabrication...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006029
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... the organic and the silicone resins. The amine group reacts with the functionality of the organic resin and the silane's alkoxy groups hydrolyze and co-condense with those of the silicone resin (see Fig. 5 and 6 ). Fig. 5 Polysiloxane-epoxy initial cure Fig. 6 Polysiloxane acrylic system...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... is shown in Fig. 8 . The entire structure was co-cured in an oven at the materials supplier's recommended cure cycle for T300-5208. Expandable rubber was used inside the rudder to apply pressure against an outside steel tool. Fig. 8 Configuration of DC-10 graphite-epoxy upper aft rudder...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003398
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... to total volume): Generally, the fiber volume will be in the range of 45 to 65%. Temperature: Generally, high cure temperatures are indicative of higher operating temperatures. The higher the cure temperature, the higher the cost of materials and processing. Therefore, it is important to understand...