Fig. 13 Cleavage fracture in Armco iron showing a tilt boundary, cleavage steps, and river patterns. TEM p-c replica More

Fig. 13 Cleavage fracture in Armco iron showing a tilt boundary, cleavage steps, and river patterns. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) p-c replica. Source: Ref 8 More

Fig. 16 Cleavage fracture through parallel cleavage planes through primary silicon in a hypereutectic cast aluminum-silicon alloy. SEM; original magnification: 3500×. Source: Ref 6 More

Fig. 12 Cleavage fracture surface. (a) This brittle overload fracture is highly reflective due to the random orientation of cleavage facets that reflect direct light into the camera lens. This causes the fracture to “sparkle.” (b) Higher-magnification example of a brittle overload fracture More

Fig. 21 Mixed-mode fracture in a carbon steel with cleavage fracture through the pearlite grains and dimpled rupture through the grain-boundary ferrite (arrow). Original magnification: 390× More

Fig. 11 Schematic of cleavage fracture formation showing the effect of subgrain boundaries. (a) Tilt boundary. (b) Twist boundary More

Fig. 44 Quasi-cleavage fracture in a hydrogen-embrittled AISI 4340 steel heat treated to an ultimate tensile strength of 2082 MPa (302 ksi). Source: Ref 138 More

Fig. 45 Examples of hydrogen-embrittled steels. (a) Cleavage fracture in a hydrogen-embrittled annealed type 301 austenitic stainless steel. Source: Ref 98 . (b) intergranular decohesive fracture in an AISI 4130 steel heat treated to an ultimate tensile strength of 1281 MPa (186 ksi More

Fig. 60 Cleavage fracture resulting from exposure of a 7075-T6 aluminum alloy to mercury vapor during a slow-bend fracture toughness test. Both (a) and (b), which is at a higher magnification, clearly show cleavage facets and secondary cracking. More

Fig. 13 Cleavage fracture in a notched impact specimen of hot-rolled 1040 steel broken at −196 °C (−320 °F), shown at three magnifications. The specimen was tilted at an angle of 40 ° to the electron beam. The cleavage planes followed by the crack show various alignments, as influenced More

Fig. 25 Cleavage fracture in Armco iron broken at dry-ice temperature (−78.5 °C, or −109.3 °F). The light band shows where cleavage followed a twin-matrix interface. The black meandering line is a shear step through the thickness of the twin. TEM p-c replica, 3000× More

Fig. 26 Cleavage fracture in Armco iron broken at dry-ice temperature (−78.5 °C, or −109.3 °F), showing facets of which most have the same orientation. Facets that depart from the general orientation appear lighter or darker than the majority. TEM direct carbon replica, 3000× More

Fig. 27 Cleavage fracture in Armco iron broken at −45 °C (−49 °F). Instead of cleavage steps, tear ridges (occasionally forming river patterns) were produced here by microscopic plastic flow. TEM p-c replica, 2000× More

Fig. 28 Cleavage fracture in Armco iron broken at −196 °C (−321 °F), showing river patterns, tongues, and (from bottom right to top left) a grain boundary. TEM p-c replica, 3000× More

Fig. 97 Brittle cleavage fracture in ferritic ductile iron. SEM, 1000× (W.L. Bradley, Texas A&M University) More

Fig. 163 Fractograph of cleavage fracture in low-carbon steel shows tongue (arrow) formed by local fracture along twin-matrix interfaces. Tongue formation occurs as a result of the high velocity at which a cleavage crack propagates (it has limiting velocity between 0.4 and 0.5 of the speed More

Fig. 164 River pattern on cleavage fracture surface of low-carbon steel bolt. When a crack crosses a twist boundary, many small parallel cracks may form with cleavage steps between them. These steps run together, forming larger ones and leading to the river patterns characteristic of cleavage More

Fig. 1180 Cleavage fracture in a specimen of titanium alloy Ti-7Al-2Nb-1Ta, produced by stress-corrosion cracking in methanol. Note the regular array of fissures, which are parallel to the crack front. See also Fig. 1181 . TEM p-c replica, 2000× More

Fig. 1182 Cleavage fracture in another specimen of titanium alloy Ti-7Al-2Nb-1Ta, also produced by stress-corrosion cracking in methanol. Note the similarity of the cleavage facets here to those in Fig. 1179 , which were produced in distilled water. TEM p-c replica, 2000× More

Fig. 377 Surface of a transgranular cleavage fracture, caused by hydrogen embrittlement, in AISI 4315 steel heat treated same as Fig. 376 . Note cleavage steps that originated at tilt boundaries. TEM p-c replica, 2400× More