Search Results for clamping dies

Flash welding, also called flash butt welding, is a resistance welding process in which a butt joint weld is produced by a flashing action and by the application of pressure. The flash welding process consists of preweld preparation, flashing, upsetting (forging), and postweld heat treatment. This article provides an overview of both flash welding and upset welding and describes the various process and failure origins of flash welding as well as the equipment used. It also explains the characteristics and advantages of solid-state upset welding.

This article presents a detailed account of the welding parameters, equipment needed, applications, advantages, limitations, and the process variables affecting various types of resistance welding operations, namely, resistance spot welding, resistance seam welding, resistance projection welding, and flash welding.

Resistance welding (RW) encompasses a group of processes in which the heat for welding is generated by the resistance to the flow of electrical current through the parts being joined. The three major resistance welding processes are resistance spot welding (RSW), resistance seam welding (RSEW), and projection welding (PW). This article addresses the considerations for using these processes to join specific types of materials. It discusses the process variations, applicability, advantages, and limitations of these resistance welding processes. The article provides information on flash welding, high-frequency resistance welding, and capacitor discharge stud welding. It concludes with a discussion on resistance welding of stainless steels, aluminum alloys, and copper and copper alloys.

This article describes various bending methods: draw bending, compression bending, roll bending, stretch bending, and ram-and-press bending. It discusses the machines used for the bending of bars. These machines include devices and fixtures for manual bending, press brakes, conventional mechanical and hydraulic presses, horizontal bending machines, rotary benders, and bending presses. The article illustrates the tools used in bending and other bending process. It also tabulates the lubricants required for bending specific metals.

This article begins with a discussion on the factors considered in the selection of bending methods. It presents a detailed description of the types of bending method, machines and tools used in the bending and forming of tubing. The article provides an overview of bending tubing with and without a mandrel and hot bending. It concludes with a discussion on the bending of thin-wall tubes and lubrication for tube bending.

Cold pressure welding can be accomplished by deforming in a lap or butt configuration, drawing, extrusion, and rolling. This article provides a discussion on cold pressure lap welding, cold pressure butt welding and cold pressure welding in drawing process with illustrations. It provides information on the combinations of metals that can be successfully cold welded.

This article commences with a description of the four basic types of feeding arrangements, namely, hand feeding, hitch feeds, roll feeds, and slide feeds. Air feeds offer the utility of use with a wide variety of presses and machines. The article discusses the mounting and actuation of the air feeds, which allows automatic feeding in machinery that is not normally adaptable to the use of standard feeds. Automatic press feeds are used to improve production and provide uniform, accurate progressions. The article describes the accuracy control techniques for the automatic press feeds and concludes with information on air circuits for the air feeds.

Press brakes are a common and versatile type of equipment for bending metal by delivering an accurate vertical force in a confined longitudinal area. This article begins with a discussion on the design, widening methods, and types of materials used in press brakes. It focuses on the two basic drive systems used in operating press brakes, namely, mechanical and hydraulic drive systems. The article also provides an outline on the tooling associated with press-brakes.

Roll forging is a process for simultaneously reducing the cross-sectional area and changing the shape of heated bars, billets, or plates. This article provides an overview of the process capabilities, production techniques, machines and machine size selection considerations, and types of roll dies and auxiliary tools for the roll forging. It concludes with information on the production examples of roll forging.

This article discusses the mechanics, surface preparation and principles of metal forming operations such as drawing, bending (draw bending, compression bending, roll bending, and stretch bending), spinning, and straightening of bars, tubes, wires, rods and structural shapes. The article also discusses the machines and tools, including dies and mandrels, and lubricants used for these metal forming operations.

This article is a comprehensive collection of terms related to metalworking operations that produce shapes from forging, extrusion, drawing, and rolling operations.

Multiple-slide forming is a process in which the workpiece is progressively formed in a combination of units that can be used in various ways for the automated fabrication of a large variety of simple and intricately shaped parts from coil stock or wire. This article discusses the components of multiple-slide rotary forming machines involved in the blanking and forming of strip stock. It describes a complicated application of the two-level forming, with an example.

Bars, structural shapes, and long parts are straightened by bending, twisting, or stretching. This article describes the straightening of bars, shapes, and long parts by material displacement, heating, and presses. It explains the process of parallel-roll straightening, automatic press roll straightening, moving-insert straightening, parallel-rail straightening, and epicyclic straightening. The article concludes with a discussion on straightening in bar production.

Compared to cold-formed parts, age-formed parts have lower residual stresses and consequently better stress corrosion resistance. This article addresses the technical issues that arise in the investigations of creep in precipitate-strengthened materials. The issues addressed help in developing alloys and tempers particularly suited for the age-forming process. The different steps involved in the program for predicting the final part shape are discussed. These basic steps involve developing mechanical tests to study creep at low temperatures and low stresses, describing low-temperature creep in terms of a constitutive model, and then using the constitutive model in a process model or finite element analysis to predict the final part shape.

Pultrusion is a cost-effective automated process for manufacturing continuous, constant cross-section composite profiles. This article describes the process characteristics and advantages of pultrusion. It provides information on the applications of pultrusion and discusses the processing equipment and tooling, the material composition, and the process control essential for a basic understanding of the pultrusion process.

Thermoforming is a manufacturing process in which thermoplastic sheets are heated, softened, clamped onto a mold, and made to conform to the shape of the mold or forming tool. It is ideally suited to large-volume runs of small items. This article focuses on major phases of thermoforming, namely, sheet transportation, heating, forming/cooling, and trimming, and different thermoforming techniques: basic female forming; basic male forming; matched-mold thermoforming; plug-assist thermoforming; pressure bubble plug-assist vacuum thermoforming; vacuum snapback thermoforming; air-slip thermoforming; and trapped-sheet, contact heat, and pressure thermoforming. It concludes with a discussion on machines and the economic concerns of thermoforming.