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Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 6 Pack-cementation chromizing/siliconizing apparatus. Pack material composed of 3 wt% Cr, 11 wt% Si, 0.25 wt% NH 4 I, and balance, Al 2 O 3 More
Image
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 14 Kinetic data for the chromizing of pure Ni. (a) The specific weight gain as a function of time at different temperatures. (b) Variation of thickness of the inner layer with time at different temperatures. Source: Ref 30 More
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 27 Cross-section photograph through a chromized tube. The chromized layer (between 0.2 and 0.4 mm thick) contains about 40 wt% Cr at the surface and about 16 wt% Cr at the diffusion boundary with the carbon steel. The voids near the surface are normal artifacts of the chromizing process More
Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 10 Chromized sheet steel (Fe-0.06C-0.35Mn-0.04Si-0.40Ti) color etched to delineate ferrite structure. 3 g K 2 S 2 O 5 , 10 g Na 2 S 2 O 3 , and 100 mL H 2 O. 100×. (A.O. Benscoter) More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005775
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Pack cementation is the most widely employed method of diffusion coating. This article briefly reviews pack cementation processes of aluminizing, chromizing, and siliconizing. It contains tables that list typical characteristics of pack cementation processes and commercial applications...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001293
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract This article describes the widespread use of diffusion coatings for elevated-temperature protection of the turbine components for aircraft engines and gas turbines. The principles of pack diffusion coating, namely, aluminizing, chromizing, and siliconizing, are discussed. The article...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003686
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... aluminizing, chromizing, and siliconizing. pack-cementation coatings halide-activated pack cementation coatings nickel alloys pack cementation pack aluminizing chromizing siliconizing METALLIC MATERIALS used in harsh environmental conditions undergo degradation in various ways. Several forms...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003218
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... the characteristics of different pack cementation processes, including aluminizing, siliconizing, chromizing, boronizing, and multicomponent coating. aluminizing boronizing chemical vapor deposition chemical vapor deposition materials chromizing multicomponent coating siliconizing CHEMICAL VAPOR...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004156
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
...(s), a halide salt activator, and an inert oxide powder as the matrix. For boiler applications, chromizing, which produces a higher chromium concentration at the tube surfaces, is the most widely accepted process. Co-diffusion coatings that introduce two or more protective elements simultaneously...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002466
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005773
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... to carbon, a large diffusion rate, and large solubility limits in substrate metals, such as chromium carbide coating onto low- and medium-carbon steels, the formed coatings consist of both a chromium carbide (outer) and a chromium-iron solid-solution layer (inside), as in the conventional chromizing process...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005771
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... coating used for oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures Siliconizing by chemical vapor deposition Diffused silicon 925–1040 1700–1900 25 μm–1 mm (1–40 mils) 30–50 Low-carbon steels For corrosion and wear resistance, atmosphere control is critical Chromizing by chemical vapor deposition...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001283
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
..., as shown schematically in Fig. 6 . Pack cementation is a common industrial process with large-scale applications in chromizing, aluminizing, and siliconizing. Fig. 6 Pack-cementation chromizing/siliconizing apparatus. Pack material composed of 3 wt% Cr, 11 wt% Si, 0.25 wt% NH 4 I, and balance, Al 2...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005932
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0004050
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... coating and laser-clad Ni-53Cr coating as well as austenitic steel (Fe27Cr31Ni3.5Mo) and diffusion-chromized coating showed low material loss ( Ref 23 ). Waste Incinerators It is generally accepted that the severity of high-temperature corrosion in waste incineration plants is due to gas-phase...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004190
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005737
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
.... Courtesy of Rolls-Royce plc Alternative Coatings, Technology, and Processes Besides temperature limitations on a number of components, combustion products and debris ingested into the engine may be the cause of the reduction of the life of critical components. Platinum aluminizing and chromizing...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003611
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
..., or mechanical stresses, the greater the reservoir of scale-forming element required in the alloy for continued protection. Extreme cases of this concept result in chromizing or aluminizing to enrich the surface regions of the alloy or in the provision of an external coating rich in the scale-forming elements...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003762
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
...) 25 μm–1 mm (1–40 mils) 30–50 Low-carbon steels For corrosion and wear resistance, atmosphere control is critical Chromizing by chemical vapor deposition 980–1090 (1800–2000) 25–50 μm (1–2 mils) Low-carbon steel, <30; high-carbon steel, 50–60 High- and low-carbon steels Chromized low...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006420
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
..., process) was used to apply vanadium-carbide (VC) and niobium-carbide (NbC) coatings to the tool steels, and the 1060 steel received a chromizing surface treatment ( Ref 9 ). Micrographs of TD treated samples and conditions for the salt-bath immersion are shown in Fig. 8 . Micrographs of pack diffusion...