Search Results for chromium-iron alloys

This article discusses the general welding characteristics and metallurgical welding considerations that play an important function during the welding of nickel, nickel-copper, nickel-chromium, and nickel-chromium-iron alloys.

Chromium alloys yield alloy coatings with properties that range from completely satisfactory to marginally acceptable, depending on the end use. This article provides a detailed description of plating solutions and deposition conditions and rates of chromium-iron, chromium-nickel, and chromium-iron-nickel alloys.

Nickel-base alloy castings are widely used in corrosive-media and high-temperature applications. This article begins with a discussion on the compositions of corrosion-resistant nickel-base casting alloys and heat-resistant nickel-base casting alloys. It describes the effects of aluminum and titanium on the structure and properties of nickel-base alloys. The article provides information on the melting, foundry, and pouring practices for nickel-base alloys. It explains the welding and heat treatment of the nickel-base casting alloys. The article concludes with an overview of the numerous applications of cast heat-resistant nickel-base alloys.

Improvement in the corrosion performance of a component or structure can be achieved through proper design, surface protection, proper material selection, or combinations of all three parameters. This is an introductory article on the selection of nonferrous corrosion-resistant materials.

Nickel in elemental form or alloyed with other metals and materials has made significant contributions to our present-day society and promises to continue to supply materials for a demanding future. This article provides a historical overview and physical metallurgy of nickel and nickel alloys. It lists and describes the compositions, mechanical and physical properties, and applications of commercial nickel and its alloys. The article briefly explains the forms of corrosion resulting from the exposure of nickel alloys to aqueous environments. It provides valuable information on the commercial forms of nickel alloys, namely, nickel-copper alloys, nickel-chromium and nickel-chromium-iron series, iron-nickel-chromium alloys, controlled-expansion alloys, nickel-iron low-expansion alloys, soft magnetic alloys, and welding alloys.

The high-alloyed white irons are primarily used for abrasion-resistant applications and are readily cast into the parts needed in machinery for crushing, grinding, and handling of abrasive materials. This article discusses three major groups of the high-alloy white cast irons: nickel-chromium white irons, chromium-molybdenum irons, and high-chromium white irons. Mechanical properties for three white irons representing each of these three general groups are presented as bar graphs. The article also describes the various heat treatments of a martensitic microstructure, including austenitization, quenching, tempering, annealing, and stress relieving.

High-alloyed white cast irons are an important group of materials whose production must be considered separately from that of ordinary types of cast irons. The metallic matrix supporting the carbide phase in the high-alloy white cast irons can be adjusted by alloy content and heat treatment to develop proper balance between resistance to abrasion and toughness needed to withstand repeated impact. This article provides a brief discussion on the heat treatment, mechanical properties, and chemical compositions of high-alloy white cast irons such as nickel-chromium white irons and high-chromium white irons.

This article presents a discussion on the melting, pouring, and shakeout practices; composition control; molds, patterns, and casting design; heat treatment; and applications of different classes of nickel-chromium white irons and high-chromium white irons.

Density allows for the conversion of uniform corrosion rates from units of weight (or mass) loss per unit area per time to thickness per unit time. This article contains a table that lists the density of metals, such as aluminum, copper, iron, stainless steel, magnesium, and lead, and their alloys.

Electrical resistance alloys include those types used in instruments, control equipment, heating elements, and devices that convert heat generated to mechanical energy. This article discusses the basic classification of electrical resistance alloys (resistance alloys, heating alloys, and thermostat metals), their subtypes, properties, service life, and operating temperatures. It describes the designing and fabrication of open resistance and sheathed heaters. The article contains a collection of tables and graphs that provide information on the mechanical properties, chemical composition, temperature coefficient of resistance, furnace operating temperatures, length and spacing of loops, ribbon size, and electrical capacity of heating elements.

This article contains a table that lists the density of metals and alloys. It presents information on aluminum, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, nickel, tin, titanium, and zinc, an their respective alloys. Information on wrought alloys, permanent magnet materials, precious metals, and rare earth metals is also listed.

Alloy cast irons are casting alloys based on the Fe-C-Si system that contain one or more alloying elements added to enhance one or more useful properties. This article discusses the composition of different types of alloy cast iron, including white cast irons, corrosion-resistant cast irons, heat-resistant cast irons, and abrasion-resistant cast irons. It provides information on the effect of the alloying element on their high-temperature properties. The article also discusses the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy cast irons.

Alloy cast irons are considered to be those casting alloys based on the iron-carbon-silicon system that contain one or more alloying elements intentionally added to enhance one or more useful properties. Alloy cast irons can be classified as white cast irons, corrosion-resistant cast irons, and heat-resistant cast irons. This article discusses abrasion-resistant chilled and white irons, high-alloy corrosion-resistant irons, and medium-alloy and high-alloy heat-resistant gray and ductile irons. The article outlines in a list the approximate ranges of alloy content for various types of alloy cast irons. The article explains the effects of alloying elements and the effects of inoculants. In most cast irons, it is the interaction among alloying elements that has the greatest effect on properties. Inoculants other than appropriate graphitizing or nodularizing agents are used rarely, if ever, in high-alloy corrosion-resistant or heat-resistant irons.

The process of making assemblies of solid-solution and precipitation hardening groups of alloys and superalloys often requires welding of dissimilar metals, welding of diffusion-bonded materials, and sometimes weld overlay cladding and even thermal spraying that in turn requires special knowledge and treatments developed specifically for each material. This article emphasizes the special metallurgical welding considerations for welding solid-solution and precipitation hardening nickel alloys, cobalt alloys, and superalloys.

Cast irons provide excellent resistance to a wide range of corrosion environments when properly matched with that service environment. This article presents basic parameters to be considered before selecting cast irons for corrosion services. Alloying elements can play a dominant role in the susceptibility of cast irons to corrosion attack. The article discusses the various alloying elements, such as silicon, nickel, chromium, copper, and molybdenum, that enhance the corrosion resistance of cast irons. Cast irons exhibit the same general forms of corrosion as other metals and alloys. The article reviews the various forms of corrosions, such as graphitic corrosion, fretting corrosion, pitting and crevice corrosion, intergranular attack, erosion-corrosion, microbiologically induced corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking. It discusses the four general categories of coatings used on cast irons to enhance corrosion resistance: metallic, organic, conversion, and enamel coatings.

The high-alloy irons can be categorized into two main groups: the high-alloy graphitic irons (covering both gray and ductile grades) and the high-alloy white irons. High-alloy irons are used in applications with demanding requirements, such as high resistance to wear, heat, and corrosion, or for combined properties. This article discusses the specification and selection of high-alloy irons. The common alloying elements and their effect on the stable and metastable eutectic temperatures are listed in a table. The article provides information on the compositions, properties and applications of high-alloy graphitic irons and high-alloy white irons.