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Type 304 stainless steel integral-finned tube that cracked from chlorides a...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 9 Type 304 stainless steel integral-finned tube that cracked from chlorides and high residual stresses. (a) Section of integral-finned tube showing major crack (circumferential crack between fins). Dimension given in inches. (b) Branched transgranular cracking propagating from major crack
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Image
Type 304 stainless steel integral-finned tube that cracked from chlorides a...
Available to Purchase
in Failure Analysis of Heat Exchangers
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 9 Type 304 stainless steel integral-finned tube that cracked from chlorides and high residual stresses. (a) Section of integral-finned tube showing major crack (circumferential crack between fins). Dimension given in inches. (b) Branched transgranular cracking propagating from major crack
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Extraction efficiencies of chlorides and sulfates obtained for various meth...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 September 2015
Fig. 12 Extraction efficiencies of chlorides and sulfates obtained for various methods, which allow a specific determination of the presence of each ion before and after the blast-cleaning procedure
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Synergistic effect of chlorides and oxygen on the stress-corrosion cracking...
Available to Purchase
in Corrosion in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Operations
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 27 Synergistic effect of chlorides and oxygen on the stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of type 304 (S30400) stainless steel. The tests were conducted at 250 to 300 °C (480 to 570 °F) at a strain rate of <10 −5 ·s −1 . Source: Ref 139
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Class 2A rouge that forms in the presence of chlorides. When the tubercles ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 16 Class 2A rouge that forms in the presence of chlorides. When the tubercles are broken off, a bright silver spot is under them, indicating an active chloride corrosion cell. SEM; original magnification 450×
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Melting points of various metal chlorides including eutectics and sulfur-co...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 2 Melting points of various metal chlorides including eutectics and sulfur-containing compounds that might be present in waste-to-energy combustion environments ( Ref 10 )
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Book Chapter
Corrosion by Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrochloric Acid
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004181
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
.... The article illustrates the effect of HCl on nonmetallic materials such as natural rubber, neoprene, thermoplastics, and reinforced thermoset plastics. It also tabulates the corrosion of various metals in dry hydrogen chloride. carbon steel chlorine zirconium alloy steel austenitic stainless steel...
Abstract
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) may contain traces of impurities that will change the aggressiveness of the solution. This article discusses the effects of impurities such as fluorides, ferric salts, cupric salts, chlorine, and organic solvents, in HCl. It describes the corrosion resistance of various metals and alloys in HCl, including carbon and alloy steels, austenitic stainless steels, standard ferritic stainless steels, nickel and nickel alloys, copper and copper alloys, corrosion-resistant cast iron, zirconium, titanium and titanium alloys, tantalum and its alloys, and noble metals. The article illustrates the effect of HCl on nonmetallic materials such as natural rubber, neoprene, thermoplastics, and reinforced thermoset plastics. It also tabulates the corrosion of various metals in dry hydrogen chloride.
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Published: 01 January 1994
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Failure due to chloride stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of an AISI type 316...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 650 Failure due to chloride stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of an AISI type 316 pipe. The pipe served as a vent for the preheater-reactor slurry transfer line in a coal-liquefaction pilot plant. Although no material flowed through the vent line—a “dead leg”—the service temperature was low
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Stub-shaft assembly, for agitator in a polyvinyl chloride reactor, that fai...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 29 Stub-shaft assembly, for agitator in a polyvinyl chloride reactor, that failed by ductile fracture. Top left: Configuration and dimensions (given in inches). Detail A: Sections through failure area showing original design, first revised design, and final design Element Chemical
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Chloride SCC in a type 347 stainless steel shaft in a hydrogen-bypass valve...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 22 Chloride SCC in a type 347 stainless steel shaft in a hydrogen-bypass valve.
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Isometric tensile creep curves for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride at 20 °...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 5 Isometric tensile creep curves for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride at 20 °C (68 °F), 50% relative humidity
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Fracture in a polyvinyl chloride water filter. The fracture surface of the ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 29 Fracture in a polyvinyl chloride water filter. The fracture surface of the fatigue crack started from a fissure (arrow F). The lower dark zone is an artifact due to sectioning of the filter wall. 75×
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Branching cracks typical of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). (a) Chloride S...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Branching cracks typical of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). (a) Chloride SCC of type 304 stainless steel base metal and type 308 weld metal in an aqueous chloride environment at 95 °C (200 °F). Cracks are branching and transgranular. (b) Caustic SCC in the HAZ of a type 316L stainless
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Annealed type 310 stainless steel after extended exposure to a chloride-con...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 11 Annealed type 310 stainless steel after extended exposure to a chloride-containing environment while under load. Structure shows typical mode of transgranular SCC. Electrolytic: 10% chromic acid. 150×
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Sulfidation and chloridation attack on nickel alloy of charcoal-regeneratio...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 7 Sulfidation and chloridation attack on nickel alloy of charcoal-regeneration kiln. See also Fig. 8 . Region 1 is an area of chromium sulfide islands (dark phase) interspersed in chromium-depleted region (bright phase). Region 2 has angular phase (consisting mostly of nickel sulfide
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Sulfidation and chloridation attack on nickel alloy of charcoal-regeneratio...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 8 Sulfidation and chloridation attack on nickel alloy of charcoal-regeneration kiln, with greater magnification (at ∼44×). Lower right is region of chromium sulfide islands (dark phase) interspersed in chromium-depleted region (bright phase). Middle region has angular phase (consisting
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Fatigue failure of a nonconductive polyvinyl chloride pipe imaged in the un...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 17 Fatigue failure of a nonconductive polyvinyl chloride pipe imaged in the uncoated state using a low-pressure microscope
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Schematic of silver-silver chloride and calomel reference electrodes. Sourc...
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in Potential Measurements with Reference Electrodes
> Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 3 Schematic of silver-silver chloride and calomel reference electrodes. Source: Ref 12
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Selective attack of a type 317L stainless steel weldment and chloride stres...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2003
Fig. 23 Selective attack of a type 317L stainless steel weldment and chloride stress-corrosion cracking of the adjacent 317L base metal. The environment was a bleaching solution (7 g/L Cl 2 ) at 70 °C (160 °F).
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