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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004181
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
.... The article illustrates the effect of HCl on nonmetallic materials such as natural rubber, neoprene, thermoplastics, and reinforced thermoset plastics. It also tabulates the corrosion of various metals in dry hydrogen chloride. carbon steel chlorine zirconium alloy steel austenitic stainless steel...
Abstract
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) may contain traces of impurities that will change the aggressiveness of the solution. This article discusses the effects of impurities such as fluorides, ferric salts, cupric salts, chlorine, and organic solvents, in HCl. It describes the corrosion resistance of various metals and alloys in HCl, including carbon and alloy steels, austenitic stainless steels, standard ferritic stainless steels, nickel and nickel alloys, copper and copper alloys, corrosion-resistant cast iron, zirconium, titanium and titanium alloys, tantalum and its alloys, and noble metals. The article illustrates the effect of HCl on nonmetallic materials such as natural rubber, neoprene, thermoplastics, and reinforced thermoset plastics. It also tabulates the corrosion of various metals in dry hydrogen chloride.
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Published: 01 January 1994
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 650 Failure due to chloride stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of an AISI type 316 pipe. The pipe served as a vent for the preheater-reactor slurry transfer line in a coal-liquefaction pilot plant. Although no material flowed through the vent line—a “dead leg”—the service temperature was low
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 29 Stub-shaft assembly, for agitator in a polyvinyl chloride reactor, that failed by ductile fracture. Top left: Configuration and dimensions (given in inches). Detail A: Sections through failure area showing original design, first revised design, and final design Element Chemical
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 22 Chloride SCC in a type 347 stainless steel shaft in a hydrogen-bypass valve.
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 5 Isometric tensile creep curves for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride at 20 °C (68 °F), 50% relative humidity
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 29 Fracture in a polyvinyl chloride water filter. The fracture surface of the fatigue crack started from a fissure (arrow F). The lower dark zone is an artifact due to sectioning of the filter wall. 75×
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Branching cracks typical of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). (a) Chloride SCC of type 304 stainless steel base metal and type 308 weld metal in an aqueous chloride environment at 95 °C (200 °F). Cracks are branching and transgranular. (b) Caustic SCC in the HAZ of a type 316L stainless
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 11 Annealed type 310 stainless steel after extended exposure to a chloride-containing environment while under load. Structure shows typical mode of transgranular SCC. Electrolytic: 10% chromic acid. 150×
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 17 Fatigue failure of a nonconductive polyvinyl chloride pipe imaged in the uncoated state using a low-pressure microscope
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 16 Removal of tips from glass chloride ion indicator tube
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 11 Correlation of sodium chloride conductivity with surface salt-level contamination
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 10 Calcium chloride test on concrete floor. Courtesy of KTA-Tator, Inc.
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 17 Concentration ranges of dissolved oxygen and chloride that may lead to SCC of type 304 in high-purity water at temperatures ranging from 260 to 300 °C (500 to 570 °F). The applied stresses are greater than the yield strength and test times are greater than 1000 h, or strain rates
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 20 Influence of chloride concentration on the SCC behavior of Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V in aqueous chloride solutions at 25 °C (77 °F) ( Ref 219 )
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 25 The effect of chloride on the corrosion fatigue crack initiation resistance of notched steel specimens. r , notch tip radius. Source: Ref 20
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