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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 7 Sulfidation and chloridation attack on nickel alloy of charcoal-regeneration kiln. See also Fig. 8 . Region 1 is an area of chromium sulfide islands (dark phase) interspersed in chromium-depleted region (bright phase). Region 2 has angular phase (consisting mostly of nickel sulfide More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 8 Sulfidation and chloridation attack on nickel alloy of charcoal-regeneration kiln, with greater magnification (at ∼44×). Lower right is region of chromium sulfide islands (dark phase) interspersed in chromium-depleted region (bright phase). Middle region has angular phase (consisting More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 7 Sulfidation and chloridation attack on IN-601 nickel-base alloy of charcoal-regeneration kiln (see also Fig. 8 ). Region 1 is an area of chromium sulfide islands (dark phase) interspersed in a chromium-depleted region (bright phase). Region 2 has an angular phase (consisting mostly More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 8 Sulfidation and chloridation attack on IN-601 nickel-base alloy of charcoal-regeneration kiln at higher magnification (~44×). Lower right is region of chromium sulfide islands (dark phase) interspersed in chromium-depleted region (bright phase). Middle region has an angular phase More
Book Chapter

By J.R. Crum
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004181
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
.... The article illustrates the effect of HCl on nonmetallic materials such as natural rubber, neoprene, thermoplastics, and reinforced thermoset plastics. It also tabulates the corrosion of various metals in dry hydrogen chloride. carbon steel chlorine zirconium alloy steel austenitic stainless steel...
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Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 8 Zinc chloride and ammonium chloride phase diagram More
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 650 Failure due to chloride stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of an AISI type 316 pipe. The pipe served as a vent for the preheater-reactor slurry transfer line in a coal-liquefaction pilot plant. Although no material flowed through the vent line—a “dead leg”—the service temperature was low More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 29 Stub-shaft assembly, for agitator in a polyvinyl chloride reactor, that failed by ductile fracture. Top left: Configuration and dimensions (given in inches). Detail A: Sections through failure area showing original design, first revised design, and final design Element Chemical More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 9 Type 304 stainless steel integral-finned tube that cracked from chlorides and high residual stresses. (a) Section of integral-finned tube showing major crack (circumferential crack between fins). Dimension given in inches. (b) Branched transgranular cracking propagating from major crack More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 22 Chloride SCC in a type 347 stainless steel shaft in a hydrogen-bypass valve. More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 5 Isometric tensile creep curves for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride at 20 °C (68 °F), 50% relative humidity More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 29 Fracture in a polyvinyl chloride water filter. The fracture surface of the fatigue crack started from a fissure (arrow F). The lower dark zone is an artifact due to sectioning of the filter wall. 75× More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Branching cracks typical of stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). (a) Chloride SCC of type 304 stainless steel base metal and type 308 weld metal in an aqueous chloride environment at 95 °C (200 °F). Cracks are branching and transgranular. (b) Caustic SCC in the HAZ of a type 316L stainless More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 11 Annealed type 310 stainless steel after extended exposure to a chloride-containing environment while under load. Structure shows typical mode of transgranular SCC. Electrolytic: 10% chromic acid. 150× More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 17 Fatigue failure of a nonconductive polyvinyl chloride pipe imaged in the uncoated state using a low-pressure microscope More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 14 Chloride ion indicator test strip in solution More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 15 Drop titration method of surface chloride analysis More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 16 Removal of tips from glass chloride ion indicator tube More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 4 Chloride ion wet deposition in 2012 More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 11 Correlation of sodium chloride conductivity with surface salt-level contamination More