This article describes a relationship between failure analysis and materials selection, and a basic procedure for performing a failure analysis. It discusses the methods for analyzing failures to improve materials selection and presents examples that illustrate the use of failure analysis in materials selection and materials development/refinement. The examples include the use of failure analysis results in the improvement of line pipe steels, failure analysis leading to improved materials selection for precipitator wires in a basic oxygen furnace, and the failure of chipper knives.

Thermal spray coatings, along with certain proprietary sealants, are widely used in the paper manufacturing industry for corrosion and wear resistance and to impart special surface characteristics. This article discusses the steps involved in the paper manufacturing process. Most modern papermaking machines are based on variations of the Fourdrinier machine. The article describes four operational sections of the machine: forming, press, drying, and calendar. It provides an overview of the machine components where thermal spray coatings are used, namely digesters, blow tanks, suction roll, center press rolls, yankee dryer rolls, calendar rolls, doctor/scalping blades, and cutting equipment.