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Published: 12 September 2022
Fig. 6 Jetting DNA synthesis with the chemical synthesis method. Reprinted with permission from Ref 23 . Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society. More
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Published: 01 January 1986
Fig. 12 Chemical synthesis of a light stabilizer. IEM, isocyanatoethylmethacrylate More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003052
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... a description of the comminution process (wet and dry milling methods), it discusses batching and mixing operations and granulation methods. The article also deals with the effect of process variables and the steps involved in chemical synthesis, including preparation from solution and gas-phase reactions...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 12 September 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23A.a0006891
EISBN: 978-1-62708-392-8
... genomics and proteomics to drug discovery, bioanalysis, and synthetic biology ( Ref 15 , 16 ). The traditional chemical DNA synthesis method is a phosphoramidite four-step cyclical process, developed in the early 1980s, that is currently used by most commercial DNA synthesizers ( Ref 17 ), mainly column...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006012
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... carbon nanotubes, silica, metals/metal oxides, ceramics, clays, buckyballs, graphene, polymers, titanium dioxide, and waxes. These can be produced by a variety of methods, including chemical vapor deposition, plasma arcing, electrodeposition, sol-gel synthesis, and ball milling. The application...
Book Chapter

By Graham K. Hubler, James K. Hirvonen
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001290
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... and chemical processes occurring at the film-vacuum interface during IBAD and dual-ion-beam sputtering with illustrations. The article also reviews the methods used for large-area, high-volume implementation of IBAD and the modes of film formation for IBAD. It contains a table that presents information...
Book Chapter

By W.L. Johnson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001095
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
.... This includes a discussion of synthesis and processing methods, structure and morphology, and a description of the electronic, magnetic, thermodynamic, chemical, and mechanical properties of metallic glasses. In addition, the article describes the development of metallic glasses as materials for technical...
Book Chapter

By Alain Dollet
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005434
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... Abstract This article focuses on transport phenomena and modeling approaches that are specific to vapor-phase processes (VPP). It discusses the VPP for the synthesis of materials. The article reviews the basic notions of molecular collisions and gas flows, and presents transport equations...
Book Chapter

By K.K. Chawla, N. Chawla
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003421
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
..., in situ chemical reaction techniques, sol-gel techniques, pyrolysis, polymer infiltration, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, and electrophoretic deposition. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are highlighted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the achievements...
Book Chapter

By Michael J. Kelly
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001777
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... (but not visible) light would improve the performance of these devices. A particularly useful design is the direct incorporation of the light stabilizer within the focusing lenses of the cell. In a recent study, a two-step chemical synthesis of a light stabilizer was attempted ( Fig. 12 ). The objective...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006052
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... Synthesis Emerging technologies for tungsten carbide synthesis have focused primarily on submicron and nanosize levels. The rapid carbothermal reduction (RCR) method, developed by Dow Chemical Co., enables an extremely steep temperature gradient by dropping a milled tungsten oxide and carbon lend...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001106
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... into polycrystalline products. Low-Pressure Synthesis of Superhard Coatings The history of diamond synthesis under metastable conditions (plasma-assisted, chemical vapor deposition, or physical vapor deposition coating processes) goes back at least to the late 1950s and perhaps even earlier. The efforts...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001317
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract The chemical process being catalyzed should have a high productivity within a specified reactor volume with high reaction rates for the desired reactions and low rates for undesired reaction pathways. This article reviews the general catalyst preparation procedures, namely...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003054
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... such as reaction sintering and self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis. It also describes several pressure densification methods, including hot isostatic pressing, gas pressure sintering, molten particle deposition, and sol-gel processing. The article concludes with a section on grain growth that discusses...
Book Chapter

By Ewa A. Bardasz
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006405
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... Abstract This article focuses on lubricants classified as either internal combustion engine or nonengine lubricants, and the lubricant additives. The functional groups of chemically active and inert additives, as well as friction modifiers and other additives, are described in detail...
Book Chapter

By Daniel A. Scola
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003365
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article discusses the properties and applications of two types of polyimide resins: condensation polyimides and addition-type polyimides. It describes the chemistry of condensation-type polyimides during synthesis, processing of polyamide acid precursor solution to polyimide...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006045
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... properties (such as strength, ductility, and fatigue strength), sintered materials should not only have a homogeneous chemical composition and microstructure, but also a relative density of greater than 98% of theoretical ( Ref 8 , 9 ). However, the relative densities of titanium alloys produced by blended...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006421
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... Abstract Lasers evolved as a versatile materials processing tool due to their advantages such as rapid, reproducible processing, chemical cleanliness, ability to handle variety of materials, and suitability for automation. This article focuses on state-of-the-art laser applications to improve...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006078
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... powder significantly improves the synthesis of titanium and its alloys. Armstrong process Chinuka process CSIR process FFC-Cambridge process Hunter process Kroll process MER process powder production TIRO process titanium alloys titanium powder TITANIUM POWDER is produced...
Book Chapter

By Michael Davies
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004185
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... cast iron copper copper alloys corrosion corrosion resistance ammonium hydroxide nickel nickel alloys niobium non-metallic materials stainless steel tantalum titanium titanium alloys zirconium alloys ANHYDROUS AMMONIA (NH 3 ) is a major commercial chemical that is used...