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Robert H. Heidersbach, James Brandt, David Johnson, John S. Smart, III, John S. Smart
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Image
Cathodic-protection system for a buried steel tank. (a) The original design...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2003
Fig. 1 Cathodic-protection system for a buried steel tank. (a) The original design that caused local failure of a nearby unprotected buried pipeline by stray-current corrosion. (b) Improved design. Installation of a second anode and an insulated buss connection provided protection for both
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Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Image
Electrical circuit analog of reinforced-concrete cathodic protection system...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 36 Electrical circuit analog of reinforced-concrete cathodic protection system components. (a) Anode is embedded or affixed to structure. (b) Anodes installed remote from the reinforced-concrete structure. ICCP, impressed-current cathodic protection; T/R, transformer/rectifier
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Image
Simplified layouts for cathodic protection systems. (a) Impressed current c...
Available to Purchase
in Conventions and Definitions in Corrosion and Oxidation
> Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 2 Simplified layouts for cathodic protection systems. (a) Impressed current cathodic protection system (b) Galvanic or sacrificial cathodic protection system
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Image
Thermoelectric generator used to power cathodic protection systems in remot...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 9 Thermoelectric generator used to power cathodic protection systems in remote locations. Source: Ref 50
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System components for cathodic protection. (a) Impressed current. (b) Sacri...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 37 System components for cathodic protection. (a) Impressed current. (b) Sacrificial or galvanic system
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Book Chapter
Well Casing External Corrosion and Cathodic Protection
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004114
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article describes two principal methods for detecting well casing corrosion, namely, metal-loss tools and casing current measurement, as well as their limitations and advantages. It discusses the factors to be considered in designing well casing cathodic protection systems...
Abstract
This article describes two principal methods for detecting well casing corrosion, namely, metal-loss tools and casing current measurement, as well as their limitations and advantages. It discusses the factors to be considered in designing well casing cathodic protection systems. These include the determination of cathodic protection current by the casing polarization and CPP tests or by mathematical models; calculation of casing-to-anode separation; isolation of the casing from other facilities; consideration of stray current interference from other dc power sources; and determination of the size and the location of the anode bed for effective current output for the desired life of the anode bed. The article concludes with a discussion on the commissioning and monitoring of cathodic protection systems.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004210
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... proper material selection, protective coatings, cathodic protection systems, use of inhibitors, use of nonmetallic materials, and control of the environment. The article reviews the aspects of corrosion that tend to be unique to corrosion as encountered in applications involving oil and gas exploration...
Abstract
This article discusses the particular corrosion problems encountered and the corrosion control methods used in petroleum production (i.e., upstream) and the storage and transportation of oil and gas (i.e., midstream) up to the refinery (i.e., downstream). These control methods include proper material selection, protective coatings, cathodic protection systems, use of inhibitors, use of nonmetallic materials, and control of the environment. The article reviews the aspects of corrosion that tend to be unique to corrosion as encountered in applications involving oil and gas exploration and production. It discusses corrosion problems that are specific to the various types of environments or equipment used in secondary recovery, including producing wells, producing flow lines, and injection wells. Corrosion mitigation methods and guidelines are also discussed for each type of environment.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003608
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... scenarios and sources of stray current along with ways to detect it and prevent the type of corrosion it can cause. accelerated corrosion cathodic protection system induced electrical current stray-current corrosion STRAY-CURRENT CORROSION is caused by an externally induced electrical current...
Abstract
Stray-current corrosion is an accelerated form of corrosion caused by externally induced electric current. It can occur in unprotected pipelines and submerged metal structures located near electric power sources or anywhere voltage differences exist. This article describes common scenarios and sources of stray current along with ways to detect it and prevent the type of corrosion it can cause.
Image
Schematic of an anodic protection system. One or more cathodes, a reference...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2003
Fig. 3 Schematic of an anodic protection system. One or more cathodes, a reference electrode, a potential sensing and controlling circuit, and a dc power supply are required for each anodic protection system. The vessel wall is made the anode of the circuit by current forced between
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Image
Evans diagrams for cathodic protection (CP) systems. (a) Diagram for an imp...
Available to Purchase
in Conventions and Definitions in Corrosion and Oxidation
> Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 3 Evans diagrams for cathodic protection (CP) systems. (a) Diagram for an impressed current CP system protecting a steel structure in an oxygenated neutral or basic environment using an inert anode. (b) Diagram for a galvanic or sacrificial CP system protecting a steel structure
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Book Chapter
Marine Cathodic Protection
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004109
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract Cathodic protection (CP) is an electrochemical means of corrosion control widely used in the marine environment. This article discusses two types of CP systems: impressed current systems and sacrificial anode (passive) systems. It describes the anode materials used in these systems...
Abstract
Cathodic protection (CP) is an electrochemical means of corrosion control widely used in the marine environment. This article discusses two types of CP systems: impressed current systems and sacrificial anode (passive) systems. It describes the anode materials used in these systems and the CP criteria. The article examines the design considerations and procedures involved in the CP of marine pipelines, offshore structures, and ship hulls. An illustration of sacrificial anode calculation is also provided.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003697
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... the oxidation reaction in a galvanic cell is concentrated at the anode, which suppresses corrosion of the cathode in the same cell. Figure 1 shows a simple cathodic protection system. The steel pipeline is cathodically protected by its connection to a sacrificial magnesium anode buried in the same soil...
Abstract
Cathodic protection is an electrochemical means of corrosion control in which the oxidation reaction in a galvanic cell is concentrated at the anode, which suppresses corrosion of the cathode in the same cell. This article provides a detailed discussion on the fundamentals and types of cathodic protection as well as their power sources and design considerations. The criteria for the cathodic protection and types of materials used in sacrificial anodes and impressed-current anodes are also discussed. The article provides examples selected for familiarizing the design engineer with the steps for selecting a specific corrosion control method.
Image
Rectifier with remote monitoring system (RMU) for use as part of an elevate...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 13 Rectifier with remote monitoring system (RMU) for use as part of an elevated water tower cathodic protection system for water side corrosion protection.
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Directly applied thermal-sprayed zinc sacrificial cathodic protection syste...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 45 Directly applied thermal-sprayed zinc sacrificial cathodic protection system protecting both exposed and embedded reinforcement
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004113
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... the tank is in contact with the soil. This article describes the soil characteristics and addresses cathodic protection (CP) criteria for submerged metallic piping systems. It provides information on the data required for designing a CP system, alone or in conjunction with a protective coating system...
Abstract
Steel storage tanks are the primary means for storing large volumes of liquids and gaseous products. The stored fluid could be water, but it could also be volatile, corrosive, and flammable fluid requiring special precautions for storage as well. Corrosion is generally worst where the tank is in contact with the soil. This article describes the soil characteristics and addresses cathodic protection (CP) criteria for submerged metallic piping systems. It provides information on the data required for designing a CP system, alone or in conjunction with a protective coating system. These data are collected from predesign site assessments, tank electrical characteristics, and soil-resistivity measurements. The article addresses NACE Standard RP0169, which gives requirements and desired characteristics for coating in conjunction with CP. It also explains the methods of protecting aboveground storage tanks and underground storage tanks.
Book Chapter
Conventions and Definitions in Corrosion and Oxidation
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003709
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Simplified layouts for cathodic protection systems. (a) Impressed current cathodic protection system (b) Galvanic or sacrificial cathodic protection system Sacrificial CP (SACP)—also known as galvanic CP—protects the structure by coupling the structure to a consumable anode of a more active material...
Abstract
This article presents common conventions and definitions in corrosion, electrochemical cells, cathodic protection (CP), electricity, and oxidation. Evans diagrams for impressed current CP in neutral or basic environment and galvanic or sacrificial CP, in both neutral or basic environment and acidic environment, are illustrated.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004120
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... design and cathodic protection systems, and certification programs for individuals and companies involved in industrial painting ISO: industrial painting surface preparation QA requirements SAE International: SAE Aerospace Material Specifications (AMS) and SAE J Series Ground Vehicle Standards...
Abstract
This article provides a perspective on United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DOD) specifications, standards, handbooks, and related documents, as well as their role in the corrosion prevention and control activities in the U.S. military.
Book Chapter
Corrosion Control for Marine- and Land-Based Infrastructure Applications
Available to PurchaseBook: Thermal Spray Technology
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005709
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... ) is known to sacrificially protect more than 900 cm 2 (140 in. 2 ) of exposed steel in a salt-containing environment. When used in conjunction with a traditional cathodic protection system, the use of these coatings also can reduce the cathodic current drainage, thus reducing the requirement...
Abstract
Corrosion of marine- and land-based infrastructure is of major concern and its control forms an important objective. Thermal spray coatings (TSCs) are widely used for corrosion protection. This article focuses on two types of TSCs: cathodic or noble coatings and anodic or sacrificial coatings. It describes the factors affecting the performance of sacrificial TSCs in atmospheric and immersion environments. The article provides information on the applications of sacrificial TSCs, non-sacrificial coatings, and sealants/top coats, and exemplifies the use of sacrificial TSCs on structures for corrosion protection.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Corrosion in Specific Environments
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004100
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... or submerged structure, most often a pipeline. Close interval surveys are used to assess the performance and operation of cathodic protection systems. Additional benefits include identifying areas of inadequate CP or excessive polarization, locating medium-to-large defects in coatings on existing or newly...
Abstract
This article describes the various environments affecting corrosion performance, corrosion protection, and corrosion control. These include freshwater environments, marine environments, and underground environments. The article provides information on corrosion in military environments and specialized environments, representing less-well-known environments with more limited applications.
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