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Image
Catastrophic failure of 75-mm (3-in.) diam manganese steel grinding ball af...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 542 Catastrophic failure of 75-mm (3-in.) diam manganese steel grinding ball after 51,440 severe ball-on-ball impacts in a laboratory test. Composition: 1.21% C, 5.3% Mn, 1.8% Cr, 1.1% Mo, 0.46% Si, 0.1% Ni, and 0.1% Cu. Fracture initiated at an interior crack. (Note another such crack
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Image
Published: 01 January 2000
Image
Insufficient backtaper of a reamer can cause catastrophic failure when cutt...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 September 2015
Fig. 13 Insufficient backtaper of a reamer can cause catastrophic failure when cutting powder metallurgy materials. In this case, a backtaper of 30 ÎĽm per 100 mm (4 in.) of length was not adequate. Increasing the backtaper to 70 ÎĽm per 100 mm of length solved the problem. Courtesy of Federal
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Image
(a, b) Digital photographs of damage after catastrophic failure of propella...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2024
Fig. 1 (a, b) Digital photographs of damage after catastrophic failure of propellant tanks. (c) Schematic of failed dome. Source: Ref 10
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Image
Catastrophic failure of F-14 nose landing gear cylinder, caused by corrosio...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 21 Catastrophic failure of F-14 nose landing gear cylinder, caused by corrosion-induced fatigue cracking of high-strength steel. Courtesy of S. Binard, Naval Air Depot—Jacksonville
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Image
Catastrophic chain failure (Example 14). (a) Flat fracture through the chai...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 26 Catastrophic chain failure (Example 14). (a) Flat fracture through the chain link. (b) Link fracture surface showing somewhat shiny, crystalline features in fan-shaped direction. (c) Near-surface brittle fracture features. Original magnification: 500Ă—. (d) Intergranular brittle
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Image
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 8 Catastrophic pipeline failure involving corrosion. Courtesy of Corrosioneering—the On-line Corrosion Journal
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Book Chapter
Failure Prevention through Life Assessment of Structural Components and Equipment
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006802
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... Abstract Life assessment of structural components is used to avoid catastrophic failures and to maintain safe and reliable functioning of equipment. The failure investigator's input is essential for the meaningful life assessment of structural components. This article provides an overview...
Abstract
Life assessment of structural components is used to avoid catastrophic failures and to maintain safe and reliable functioning of equipment. The failure investigator's input is essential for the meaningful life assessment of structural components. This article provides an overview of the structural design process, the failure analysis process, the failure investigator's role, and how failure analysis of structural components integrates into the determination of remaining life, fitness-for-service, and other life assessment concerns. The topics discussed include industry perspectives on failure and life assessment of components, structural design philosophies, the role of the failure analyst in life assessment, and the role of nondestructive inspection. They also cover fatigue life assessment, elevated-temperature life assessment, fitness-for-service life assessment, brittle fracture assessments, corrosion assessments, and blast, fire, and heat damage assessments.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002477
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... application and catastrophic failure. This article provides examples of reliable material performance indicators and common practices to avoid failure. Simple tools and techniques for predicting part mechanical performance integrated with manufacturing concerns, such as flow length and cycle time...
Abstract
The key to any successful part development is the proper choice of material, process, and design matched to the part performance requirements. Understanding the true effects of time, temperature, and rate of loading on material performance can make the difference between a successful application and catastrophic failure. This article provides examples of reliable material performance indicators and common practices to avoid failure. Simple tools and techniques for predicting part mechanical performance integrated with manufacturing concerns, such as flow length and cycle time, are demonstrated. The article describes the prediction of mechanical part performance for stiffness, strength/impact, creep/stress relaxation, and fatigue.
Book Chapter
Corrosion Testing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003243
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) occurs under service conditions, which can result, often without any prior warning, in catastrophic failure. Hydrogen embrittlement is distinguished from stress-corrosion cracking generally by the interactions of the specimens with applied currents...
Abstract
Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) occurs under service conditions, which can result, often without any prior warning, in catastrophic failure. Hydrogen embrittlement is distinguished from stress-corrosion cracking generally by the interactions of the specimens with applied currents. To determine the susceptibility of alloys to SCC and hydrogen embrittlement, several types of testing are available. This article describes the constant extension testing, constant load testing, constant strain-rate testing for smooth specimens and precracked or notched specimens of SCC. It provides information on the cantilever beam test, wedge-opening load test, contoured double-cantilever beam test, three-point and four-point bend tests, rising step-load test, disk-pressure test, slow strain-rate tensile test, and potentiostatic slow strain-rate tensile test for hydrogen embrittlement.
Book Chapter
Fracture Resistance Testing of Brittle Solids
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003312
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract Catastrophic failure best typifies the characteristic behavior of brittle solids in the presence of cracks or crack-like flaws under ambient conditions. This article provides a description of the concepts of fracture mechanics of brittle solids and focuses on the various testing...
Abstract
Catastrophic failure best typifies the characteristic behavior of brittle solids in the presence of cracks or crack-like flaws under ambient conditions. This article provides a description of the concepts of fracture mechanics of brittle solids and focuses on the various testing methods developed to characterize the fracture behavior of brittle solids with examples. These include the fracture toughness test method and R-curve test method at ambient and elevated temperatures. The article also includes information on the evaluation of fracture-toughness test results and the behavior of R-curve.
Book Chapter
Lubrication and Wear in Drawing Operations
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006423
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... to the workpiece-die interface. The article describes the most common types and causes of die wear: abrasive wear, adhesive wear, surface fatigue wear, thermal fatigue wear, and catastrophic failure. It concludes with a discussion on the surface treatment and texturing that are used to reduce die wear in drawing...
Abstract
Drawing is a process by which a workpiece is pulled against a die to produce a wire, bar, or tube with smaller cross sectional area compared with the initial stock. This article discusses the variables that affect the drawing process and the parameters that influence friction, lubrication, and wear. These parameters include process, lubricant, workpiece, and tooling. The article provides information on dry and wet lubrication in wire drawing. The dry lubrication refers to use of solid lubricants while wet lubrication refers to the practice of providing a liquid lubricant to the workpiece-die interface. The article describes the most common types and causes of die wear: abrasive wear, adhesive wear, surface fatigue wear, thermal fatigue wear, and catastrophic failure. It concludes with a discussion on the surface treatment and texturing that are used to reduce die wear in drawing operations.
Image
Cutting tool failure modes. (a) Characteristic wear and fracture surfaces o...
Available to Purchase
in Prevention of Machining-Related Failures
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 1 Cutting tool failure modes. (a) Characteristic wear and fracture surfaces on cutting tools. (b) Catastrophic failure. (c) Typical wear measurements for a turning tool. VB , flank wear
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Image
Cutting tool failure modes. (a) Characteristic wear and fracture surfaces o...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1989
Fig. 11 Cutting tool failure modes. (a) Characteristic wear and fracture surfaces on cutting tools. (b) Catastrophic failure. (c) Typical wear measurements for a turning tool. VB = flank wear. Source: Ref 9
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Image
Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 30 Plot of crack stability that is due to the R -curve of a material. Crack resistance, R , vs. extension is plotted on the same graph, along with applied strain-energy release rate, G . Catastrophic failure occurs at the stress when G = R c . After Ref 132
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Image
in Effects of Composition, Processing, and Structure on Properties of Ceramics and Glasses
> Materials Selection and Design
Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 14 Schematic representation of R -curve behavior. Crack resistance increases with crack length, so catastrophic failure will occur only when the strain energy release rate ( G ) exceeds the critical crack resistance value ( R c ). a o , initial crack size; a c , critical crack size
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Image
(a) Comparison of fatigue life for 4130 steel under fretting and nonfrettin...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Image
Stress/strain curve for a typical uniaxial ceramic-matrix composite loaded ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1997
Fig. 16 Stress/strain curve for a typical uniaxial ceramic-matrix composite loaded parallel to the fibers. The solid line (A) shows the behavior for strong interfacial bonding and catastrophic failure with the first matrix crack. The dotted line (B) indicates intermediate bonding behavior
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Book Chapter
Failure Analysis of Ceramics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003058
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... 9 , 10 , 11 ). The FSM can be used to locate the failure origin and determine how the catastrophic crack developed under the influence of the applied and transient stress fields. The FSM also show how the microstructure and processing defects in the material influenced the catastrophic failure...
Abstract
Failure analysis is a process of acquiring specified information regarding the appropriateness of the design of a part, the competence with which the various steps of its manufacture have been performed, any abuse suffered by it in packing and transportation, or the severity of service under which failure has occurred. Beginning with a discussion of the various stages of failure analysis of glass and ceramic materials, this article focuses on descriptive and quantitative fracture surface analysis techniques that are used in the examination of glass and surfaces created by fracture and the interpretation of the fracture markings seen on these surfaces. Details are provided for the procedures for locating fracture origins, determining direction of crack propagation, learning the sequence of crack propagation, deducing the stress state at the time of fracture, and observing interactions between crack fronts and inclusions, etc. A separate fractography terminology is provided in this article.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003391
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... have shown that the allowed local stresses near an access hole will likely exceed those for near-uniform stress fields. The associated concentrated stress fields for an access hole can result in localized damage formation and material softening without catastrophic failure. Composite materials have...
Abstract
Detailed analyses and test correlations are typically required to support design development, structural sizing, and certification. This article addresses issues concerning building block levels ranging from design-allowables coupons up through subcomponents, as these levels exhibit a wide variety of test-analysis correlation objectives. At these levels, enhanced analysis capability can be used most effectively in minimizing test complexity and cost while also reducing design weight and risk. The article discusses the examples of tests for which good correlative capability has shown significant benefit. These include notched (open and/or filled hole) tension and compression, inter/intralaminar shear and tension, and pin bearing.
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