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carburized steel
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 45 Micrograph of AISI 4118 carburized steel as quenched and tempered. The microstructure is tempered martensite (unetched) with a quench crack propagating from a machining burr. 200×. Source: Ref 27
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 76 Micrograph of 4% Ni-C-Cr carburized steel showing massive carbides produced during carburizing with surface carbon above Ac cm carbon. Source: Ref 30
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 32 Effect of tempering on residual stress in carburized steel. Bars of 8617 steel, 19 mm (0.75 in.) in diameter, were carburized, direct oil quenched, and tempered for 1 h at the indicated temperature.
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Published: 31 December 2017
Fig. 39 Life of carburized steel cams in relation to percentage of the contacting area that was softened during grinding
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Image
Published: 31 December 2017
Fig. 3 Micrograph of a high-carbon (≈0.85% C) carburized steel case in AISI 86 xx -series steel showing plate martensite (dark needles) and retained austenite (light etching areas). This specimen measured 37% retained austenite by x-ray diffraction at the surface.
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Image
Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 24 Internal oxidation (dark features) at surface of gas-carburized steel containing 1.06% Mn, 0.21% Si, 0.52% Cr, 0.50% Ni, and 0.17% Mo. Light micrograph. Source: Ref 20
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Image
Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 18 Sliding wear traces on carburized steel samples. Falex test, transmission electron micrograph
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Image
Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 2 Typical near-surface case microstructure of carburized steel (SAE 8620: 0.81% Mn, 0.19% Mo, 0.48% Ni) reheated between A 1 and A cm . Retained carbides are small, white spherical particles, and matrix consists of a dark etching of mixture of martensite and austenite too fine
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Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 102 Intergranular oxidation of the surface of a gas-carburized steel along the prior grain boundaries. 1000×. Source: Ref 97
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Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 113 Micrograph of 4% Ni-C-Cr carburized steel showing massive carbides produced during carburizing with surface carbon above A ccm carbon. Source: Ref 43
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Image
Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 41 (a) Carburized steel gear (17CrNiMo6). (b) Representative view of the cracking zone. Presence of coarse grains and inter-granular cracking. Etched with 2% nital
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Image
Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 23 Mixed-mode fracture in a carburized steel. Intergranular features along with some cleavage through the martensite grains. Original magnification: 1000×
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005952
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... Abstract This article commences with a brief introduction on the hardenability of carburized steels, and then reviews the factors used in the selection of carburizing steels and heat treatment methods. The factors include quench medium, stress considerations, case depth, and type of case...
Abstract
This article commences with a brief introduction on the hardenability of carburized steels, and then reviews the factors used in the selection of carburizing steels and heat treatment methods. The factors include quench medium, stress considerations, case depth, and type of case. The article provides information on steels for carburized gears with emphasis on gear design requirements, selection process, selection of carbon content, case and core hardness, microstructure, and toughness and short-cycle fatigue.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005982
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... Abstract This article describes the microstructure, properties, and performance of carburized steels, and elucidates the microstructural gradients associated with carbon and hardness gradients. It provides information on case depth measurement, the factors affecting case depth...
Abstract
This article describes the microstructure, properties, and performance of carburized steels, and elucidates the microstructural gradients associated with carbon and hardness gradients. It provides information on case depth measurement, the factors affecting case depth, and the formation and causes of microcracks. The article discusses the effects of alloying elements on hardenability, the effects of excessive retained austenite and massive carbides on fatigue resistance, the effects of residual stresses and internal oxidation on fatigue performance of carburized steels. In addition, the causes of intergranular fracture at austenite grain boundaries and their prevention methods are explored. The article also describes the major mechanisms of bending fatigue crack initiation in carburized steels.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002400
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract Bending fatigue of carburized steel components is a result of cyclic mechanical loading. This article reviews the alloying and processing factors that influence the microstructures and bending fatigue performance of carburized steels. These include austenitic grain size, surface...
Abstract
Bending fatigue of carburized steel components is a result of cyclic mechanical loading. This article reviews the alloying and processing factors that influence the microstructures and bending fatigue performance of carburized steels. These include austenitic grain size, surface oxidation, retained austenite, subzero cooling, residual stresses, and shot peening. The article describes the analysis of bending fatigue behavior of the steels based on S-N curves that represents a stress-based approach to fatigue. It discusses the types of specimen used to evaluate bending fatigue in carburized steels. The stages of fatigue and fracture of the steels, namely crack initiation, stable crack propagation, and unstable crack propagation, are reviewed. The article analyzes the intergranular fracture at the prior-austenite grain boundaries of high-carbon case microstructures that dominates bending fatigue crack initiation and unstable crack propagation of direct-quenched carburized steels.
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 10 Grain growth in conventional carburizing steels with increasing carburizing temperature
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Published: 01 August 2013
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 11 The shift in A cm temperatures with alloying in various carburizing steels. Source: Ref 32
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 21 Schematic diagram of residual stresses in carburized steels. Insert shows that surface compressive residual stresses are balanced by interior tensile stresses. Source: Ref 8
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Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 5 Pack carburized 3310 steel. (a) Carburized 16 h at 940 °C (1725 °F) and cooled in the pot. Structure is fine pearlite (dark) and carbide envelopes at prior-austenite grain boundaries in a matrix of ferrite and dispersed alloy carbide. (b) Same carburizing conditions but tempered 13 h
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