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Book Chapter
Introduction to Carburizing and Carbonitriding
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005811
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Carburization is the process of intentionally increasing the carbon content of a steel surface so that a hardened case can be produced by martensitic transformation during quenching. Like carburizing, carbonitriding involves heating above the upper critical temperature to austenitize...
Abstract
Carburization is the process of intentionally increasing the carbon content of a steel surface so that a hardened case can be produced by martensitic transformation during quenching. Like carburizing, carbonitriding involves heating above the upper critical temperature to austenitize the steel. This article introduces the fundamentals, types, advantages and limitations, and the complications of various forms of carburizing, namely, pack carburizing, liquid carburizing or salt bath carburizing, gas carburizing, and low-pressure (vacuum) carburizing. The related process of carbonitriding is also briefly described in the article.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005762
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Carbonitriding is a modified form of carburizing that involves the introduction and diffusion of atomic nitrogen into the surface steel during carburization. This article discusses the composition, depth, and hardenability of a carburized case, and demonstrates how to control...
Abstract
Carbonitriding is a modified form of carburizing that involves the introduction and diffusion of atomic nitrogen into the surface steel during carburization. This article discusses the composition, depth, and hardenability of a carburized case, and demonstrates how to control atmosphere in batch and continuous furnaces. It discusses the most important considerations in the selection of carbonitriding temperature. The article also describes the processing factors for minimizing retained austenite in the carbonitrided case. Hardness testing and carbonitriding of powder metallurgy parts, quenching and tempering of carbonitrided steel parts, and applications of carbonitriding are also covered in the article.
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Effect of porosity on carbonitriding. Compacts of F-0000 powder were presse...
Available to Purchase
in Ferrous Powder Metallurgy Materials
> Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 13 Effect of porosity on carbonitriding. Compacts of F-0000 powder were pressed and sintered to various densities, then carbonitrided. Hardness traverses reflect both depth of carbonitrided case and density of compacts. Hardness traverse for a carbonitrided specimen of wrought 1018 steel
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Effect of carbonitriding to increase retained austenite on rolling-contact ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1990
Fig. 11 Effect of carbonitriding to increase retained austenite on rolling-contact fatigue. Source: Ref 3
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Deep case hardening combining carburizing and carbonitriding/nitriding. Sou...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 October 2014
Fig. 44 Deep case hardening combining carburizing and carbonitriding/nitriding. Source: Ref 52
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Effects of temperature and of duration of carbonitriding on effective case ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 11 Effects of temperature and of duration of carbonitriding on effective case depth. Both sets of data were obtained in the same plant. Note that the graph in (a) (for 1020 steel) is in terms of total furnace time, whereas the graph in (b) (for 1112 steel) is for 15 min at temperature.
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 16 Effect of ammonia content of carbonitriding gas on hardness gradient
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Effect of carbonitriding temperature on dimensional stability of three 1010...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 23 Effect of carbonitriding temperature on dimensional stability of three 1010 steel production parts. Parts were carbonitrided to produce a case depth of 0.13 to 0.20 mm (0.005 to 0.008 in.) with minimum surface hardness of 89 HR15N. Gas ratios and dewpoints were essentially the same
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Effect of porosity on carbonitriding. Compacts of F-0000 powder were presse...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 1998
Fig. 18 Effect of porosity on carbonitriding. Compacts of F-0000 powder were pressed and sintered to various densities, then carbonitrided. Hardness traverses reflect both depth of carbonitrided case and density of compacts. Hardness traverse for a carbonitrided specimen of wrought 1018 steel
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Effects of temperature and of duration of carbonitriding on effective case ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 1998
Fig. 13 Effects of temperature and of duration of carbonitriding on effective case depth. Both sets of data were obtained in the same plant. Note that upper graph (for 1020 steel) is in terms of total furnace time, whereas bottom graph (for 1112 steel) is for 15 min at temperature.
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Solubilities of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. (a) Versus temperatu...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2005
Fig. 9 Solubilities of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. (a) Versus temperature. (b) Versus inverse temperature. Source: Ref 14
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Preferred compositions of titanium carbonitride cermets. M, molybdenum and/...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1989
Fig. 3 Preferred compositions of titanium carbonitride cermets. M, molybdenum and/or tungsten; z , number of moles carbon and nitrogen divided by the number of moles titanium and M; z is variable between the limits 0.80 and 1.07. Source: Ref 6
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Solubility product versus temperature for eight carbonitride compounds in a...
Available to Purchase
in High-Strength Structural and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels
> Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 15 Solubility product versus temperature for eight carbonitride compounds in austenite
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Wear characteristics of carburized, carbonitrided, nitrocarburized, and unt...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 10 Wear characteristics of carburized, carbonitrided, nitrocarburized, and untreated 0.2% C steel. Source: Ref 6
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Depth of carbonitrided cases as a function of boosting time and temperature...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 October 2014
Fig. 7 Depth of carbonitrided cases as a function of boosting time and temperature
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Improvement in rolling contact-fatigue life of various carbonitrided materi...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 October 2014
Fig. 43 Improvement in rolling contact-fatigue life of various carbonitrided materials in (a) clean and (b) contaminated environments. Source: Ref 50
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End-quench hardenability curve for 1020 steel carbonitrided at 900 °C (1650...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 25 End-quench hardenability curve for 1020 steel carbonitrided at 900 °C (1650 °F) compared with curve for the same steel carburized at 925 °C (1700 °F). Hardness was measured along the surface of the as-quenched hardenability specimen. Ammonia and methane contents of the inlet
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Typical carbonitrided surface with carbon predominating in a martensitic ca...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 2 Typical carbonitrided surface with carbon predominating in a martensitic case. Carbonitriding temperature was 850 °C (1560 °F). Source: Ref 5 , 6
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Layer analysis of carburized and carbonitrided mild steel. Circle: carburiz...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 7 Layer analysis of carburized and carbonitrided mild steel. Circle: carburized at 0.12% CO 2 for 4 h at 925 °C (1695 °F). X: carbonitrided at 0.12% CO 2 for 4 h at 925 °C (1695 °F) plus 10% NH 3 . Source: Ref 11
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Hardenability comparison of carburized and carbonitrided steel. Jominy spec...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 13 Hardenability comparison of carburized and carbonitrided steel. Jominy specimens of base steel (0.08 % C, 0.19% Si, 0.40% Mn) were austenitized at 820 °C (1510 °F) for 30 min. Source: Ref 9 , 14
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