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Book Chapter
Properties and Performance of Ceramic-Matrix and Carbon-Carbon Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003449
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article discusses the mechanisms for enhancing the reliability of three types of ceramic-matrix composites: discontinuously reinforced ceramic-matrix composites, continuous fiber ceramic composites, and carbon-carbon composites. It also presents examples of their mechanical...
Abstract
This article discusses the mechanisms for enhancing the reliability of three types of ceramic-matrix composites: discontinuously reinforced ceramic-matrix composites, continuous fiber ceramic composites, and carbon-carbon composites. It also presents examples of their mechanical and physical properties. Examples that illustrate the properties of commercially available materials are also provided.
Image
Crystallinity in thermoplastic-matrix carbon fiber composites. (a) Crystall...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 4 Crystallinity in thermoplastic-matrix carbon fiber composites. (a) Crystalline region in the center area of a woven carbon fabric composite cross section. Ultrathin section, transmitted polarized light with a full wave plate (540 nm), 20× objective. (b) Fiber-induced spherulite growth
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Image
Multiphase thermosetting-matrix composites. (a) Carbon fiber composite cros...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 10 Multiphase thermosetting-matrix composites. (a) Carbon fiber composite cross section. Etched and viewed using reflected-light phase contrast, 25× objective. (b) Glass fiber composite ultrathin section. Transmitted light, 20× objective. (c) Carbon fiber composite cross section having
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Book Chapter
Thermal Management and Electronic Packaging Applications
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003480
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article presents an overview of advanced composites, namely, polymer matrix composites, metal-matrix composites, ceramic-matrix composites, and carbon-matrix composites. It also provides information on the properties and applications of the composites in thermal management...
Abstract
This article presents an overview of advanced composites, namely, polymer matrix composites, metal-matrix composites, ceramic-matrix composites, and carbon-matrix composites. It also provides information on the properties and applications of the composites in thermal management and electronic packaging.
Image
Micrographs of a thermoset-matrix carbon fiber composite material comparing...
Available to Purchase
in Thin Section Preparation and Transmitted Light Microscopy for Fiber-Reinforced Composites[1]
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 11 Micrographs of a thermoset-matrix carbon fiber composite material comparing the use of two different ramp rates in the cure cycle. (a) 2.8 °C/min (5 °F/min). Transmitted light, phase contrast, 20× objective. (b) 0.56 °C/min (1 °F/min). Transmitted light, phase contrast, 20× objective
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Image
Micrographs of an untoughened-matrix carbon fiber composite material after ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 7 Micrographs of an untoughened-matrix carbon fiber composite material after impact damage. (a) Fracture morphology showing no signs of hackle formation. Transmitted polarized light, full wave plate, 40× objective. (b) Area ahead of the crack tip. Transmitted polarized light, full wave
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Image
Reinforcement forms for resin-, carbon-, and metal-matrix composite systems...
Available to Purchase
in Effects of Composition, Processing, and Structure on Properties of Composites
> Materials Selection and Design
Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 1 Reinforcement forms for resin-, carbon-, and metal-matrix composite systems. Source: Ref 1 , 2
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Image
Effect of temperature on the strength of carbon-fiber/epoxy-matrix composit...
Available to Purchase
in Effects of Composition, Processing, and Structure on Properties of Composites
> Materials Selection and Design
Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 5 Effect of temperature on the strength of carbon-fiber/epoxy-matrix composites. (a) Tensile strength. (b) Elastic modulus. Source: Ref 4
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Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003373
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article describes the various pure forms of carbon matrices and the corresponding methods used to create them or incorporate them into a matrix of a composite. These forms include graphite, diamond, fullerenes, and nanotubes. The article discusses the three types of liquid...
Abstract
This article describes the various pure forms of carbon matrices and the corresponding methods used to create them or incorporate them into a matrix of a composite. These forms include graphite, diamond, fullerenes, and nanotubes. The article discusses the three types of liquid precursors, namely, thermoplastic, thermosetting, and evaporative or solvent carriers. It provides a description of the advantages and limitations of various methods involved in chemical vapor infiltration. The article concludes with a discussion on matrix contribution to composite properties.
Book Chapter
Effects of Composition, Processing, and Structure on Properties of Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002465
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... Abstract This article describes the interaction of composition, manufacturing process, and composite properties of composites. The manufacturing process includes resin-matrix, metal-matrix, and carbon/carbon matrix processing. The article discusses various mechanical properties of composites...
Abstract
This article describes the interaction of composition, manufacturing process, and composite properties of composites. The manufacturing process includes resin-matrix, metal-matrix, and carbon/carbon matrix processing. The article discusses various mechanical properties of composites. It explores how variations in the composition, manufacturing, shop process instructions, and loading/environmental conditions can affect the use of a composite product in a performance/service life operation.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002478
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... are not resolved in an anisotropic plate model, and the material can be treated much as a common engineering metal. (The term “black aluminum” is often used to describe carbon fiber/epoxy-matrix composites.) The design of composite materials is simplified by this approach, and much of the potential improvement...
Abstract
This article begins with a discussion on fiber-reinforced composite materials and describes the generic behavior and structure/property relationships of composites. The article summarizes lamina properties and presents equations that help in the calculation of lamina properties. Composite laminates are constructed from lamina with uniaxial fiber orientation and frequently from textile fabrics as well. The article explains the characteristics of symmetric in-plane and through-thickness laminates; asymmetric in-plane and symmetric through-thickness laminates; asymmetric laminates; and curved laminates. It provides information on controlled thermal expansion composites, metal-matrix composites, and ceramic-matrix composites. The article illustrates the types of bonded joints and concludes with a discussion on design for manufacturing.
Book Chapter
Processing of Carbon-Carbon Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003422
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... are also discussed. The article concludes with information on the mechanical properties of CCCs. carbon-carbon composites two-directional carbon fibers multiaxial carbon fibers matrix precursor impregnants liquid impregnation chemical vapor infiltration densification pack cementation chemical...
Abstract
This article describes the manufacture, post-processing, fabrication, and properties of carbon-carbon composites (CCCs). Manufacturing techniques with respect to the processibility of different geometries of two-directional and multiaxial carbon fibers are listed in a table. The article discusses matrix precursor impregnants, liquid impregnation, and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) for densification of CCCs. It presents various coating approaches for protecting CCCs, including pack cementation, chemical vapor deposition, and slurry coating. Practical limitations of coatings are also discussed. The article concludes with information on the mechanical properties of CCCs.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Polymer-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003031
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article discusses the types, properties, and uses of continuous-fiber-reinforced composites, including glass, carbon, aramid, boron, continuous silicon carbide, and aluminum oxide fiber composites. While polyester and vinyl ester resins are the most used matrix materials...
Abstract
This article discusses the types, properties, and uses of continuous-fiber-reinforced composites, including glass, carbon, aramid, boron, continuous silicon carbide, and aluminum oxide fiber composites. While polyester and vinyl ester resins are the most used matrix materials for commercial applications, epoxy resins, bismaleimide resins, polyimide resins, and thermoplastic resins are used for aerospace applications. The article addresses design considerations as well as product forms and fabrication processes.
Book Chapter
Carbon-Carbon Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003064
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
..., the higher the modulus of the resultant fibers. Surface Treatments Various materials can be applied to the carbonized/graphitized fibers to control interaction between the fibers and the reinforced matrix. For example, if epoxy resins are the matrix to be reinforced, the composite properties may...
Abstract
Carbon-carbon composites (CCCs) are introduced in fields that require their high specific strength and stiffness, in combination with their thermoshock resistance, chemical resistance, and fracture toughness, especially at high temperatures. The use of CCCs has expanded as the price of carbon fibers has dropped and their mechanical properties have increased. This article begins with an overview of the carbon conversion processes, fiber properties and microstructures, and interfacial bonding and environmental interaction of carbon fibers, followed by a detailed discussion on the various techniques available for processing CCCs for specific applications, including preform fabrication (fiber weaving), densification, application of protective coatings, and joining. The article closes with a description of the mechanical and physical properties and applications of CCCs. The main applications of CCCs, in terms of money and mass, are in the military, space, and aircraft industries.
Book Chapter
Friction and Wear of Carbon-Containing Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006367
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
.... Their high strength-to-weight ratio and rigidity make carbon-fiber composites ideal materials to be applied in a variety of industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering, sports goods, and so on. Carbon fiber (CF), having an inert surface, does not allow the matrix material to bond...
Abstract
This article discusses the importance of friction and wear and the role of lubricants in composites. It highlights the progress and developments in using different forms of carbon allotropes in composites for improved friction and wear performance of materials. The article focuses on the widely used form known as carbon black (CB) and shows how to deal with friction and wear of polymers and composites when gamma irradiation is involved. It also discusses the role of graphite in composite materials, which is widely used as a dry lubricant. The article examines the tribology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as components in composite materials. It also highlights some of the most pronounced examples of graphene use as a reinforcement agent for improving tribological performance in composite matrices. The article concludes with a discussion on the progress of research in diamond-containing composites.
Book Chapter
Introduction to Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003350
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...-matrix composites (PMCs) and carbon-matrix composites (commonly referred to as carbon-carbon composites). Carbon-matrix composites are typically formed from PMCs by including the extra steps of carbonizing and densifying the original polymer matrix. In the research and development community...
Abstract
This article begins with a brief history of composite materials and discusses its characteristics. It presents an introduction to the constituents, product forms, and fabrication processes of composite materials. The article concludes with a discussion on the applications of organic-matrix, metal-matrix, and ceramic-matrix composites.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003478
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... conductivity is achieved primarily from fiber contribution. An organic-matrix composite is essentially a thermal insulator through the thickness. The difference in the through-thickness and fiber direction (in-plane) conductivity of the carbon-carbon composite is due to the alignment of the carbon planes...
Abstract
This article presents an overview of the material properties of carbon-carbon composites. It provides information on the applications of carbon-carbon composites in electronic thermal planes, spacecraft thermal doublers, spacecraft thermal shields, spacecraft radiators, and aircraft heat exchangers.
Book Chapter
Matrix Microstructure Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009082
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... on the formation of spherulites in high-temperature thermoplastic-matrix carbon-fiber-reinforced composites. It also describes the microstructural analysis of a bio-based thermosetting-matrix natural fiber composite system. bio-based thermosetting-matrix natural fiber composites cooling-rate crystal growth...
Abstract
Microstructural analysis of the composite matrix is necessary to understand the performance of the part and its long-term durability. This article focuses on the microstructural analysis of engineering thermoplastic-matrix composites and the influence of cooling rate and nucleation on the formation of spherulites in high-temperature thermoplastic-matrix carbon-fiber-reinforced composites. It also describes the microstructural analysis of a bio-based thermosetting-matrix natural fiber composite system.
Image
Specific strength versus temperature. CFRP, carbon fiber reinforced polymer...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2001
Fig. 1 Specific strength versus temperature. CFRP, carbon fiber reinforced polymers; GMC, glass-matrix composites; GCMC, glass-ceramic-matrix composites; CMC, ceramic-matrix composite; C-C, carbon-carbon composites; MMC, metal-matrix composites
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Book Chapter
Analysis of the Effects of Lightning Strikes on Polymeric Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009085
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
..., the fibers are electrically conductive, but these are surrounded by an electrically insulating polymer matrix. As a result, the electrical current arcs between carbon fibers and damages the polymer-matrix resin, both within the composite laminate plies (intraply arcing) and between plies (interply arcing...
Abstract
Lightning damage in polymer composites is manifested by damage at both the macroscopic or visual level and within the material microstructure. This article illustrates the effects of the laboratory-generated lightning strikes on polymeric composites.
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