Fig. 3 Design for butt welding of tubes by extrusion More

Fig. 18 (a) Schematic outline of cold butt welding with multiple upset. (b) Cold-butt-welded copper bar with a cross section of 3 × 5 mm (0.12 × 0.20 in.). Source: Ref 16 More

Fig. 2 Conditions for local melting during single-pass butt welding of Al-Zn-Mg extrusions. (a) Schematic representation of the temperature-time pattern within the subsolidus region of the weld heat-affected zone. (b) Process diagram showing contours of f / f 0 = 0 for various positions More

Fig. 6 Schematic showing typical fluid flow generated when butt welding two heats of material with different penetration characteristics. Source: Ref 9 More

Fig. 6 Schematic showing typical fluid flow generated when butt welding two heats of material with different penetration characteristics. Source: Ref 8 More

Fig. 3 Cold pressure butt welding of two bars using multiple-step upsetting method More

Fig. 5 Copper-aluminum joint obtained by butt welding of two 20 mm ( 25 32 in.) components using two different techniques. (a) Continuous thrust method. (b) Multiple-step upsetting method More

Fig. 1 Design for butt welding of tubes by extrusion More

Fig. 24 Cracking from weld toe around volumetric discontinuities in butt welds. (a) Slag inclusion. (b) Porosity More

Fig. 57 Upset butt welded steel wire showing typical acceptable burrs on the welds. Dimensions given in inches More

Fig. 10 Upset weld configurations in butt welds of pipe with an outside diameter of 25 mm (1 in.) and a wall of 3 mm (0.1 in.). Upset has been machined from the outside surface (on left). The internal upset configuration was controlled by adjusting weld parameters and joint design. (a) Minimum More

Fig. 5 Effect of weld bead on axial fatigue ( R = 0) of butt welds in various tempers of 5083 plate with 5356 filler metal. Source: Ref 15 More

Fig. 15 Micrograph of transverse section of an electron-beam welded butt weld joining 2.5 mm (0.100 in.) thick Ti-6Al-4V sheet using a 0.127 mm (0.005 in.) thick tantalum shim placed in the joint. Kroll's reagent was used as etchant. More

Fig. 1 Upset weld configurations in butt welds of pipe with an outside diameter of 25 mm (1 in.) and a wall of 3 mm (0.1 in.). Upset has been machined from the outside surface (on left). The internal upset configuration was controlled by adjusting weld parameters and joint design. (a) Minimum More

Fig. 15 Effect of weld bead on axial fatigue ( R = 0) of butt welds in various tempers of 5083 plate with 5356 filler metal. Source: Ref 24 More

Fig. 6 Incomplete joint penetration of a gas tungsten arc weld in a butt weld in 4 mm (0.160 in.) thick AZ31B-H24 sheet. Weld was made with alloy ER AZ61A filler metal. Note the unfused joint at the root of the weld. Etchant 2, Table 6 . 3.8× More

Fig. 9 Section through an arc butt weld joining two 13-mm (0.5-in.) thick ASTM A517, grade J, steel plates. The schematic shows the fusion zone, the heat-affected zone, and base metal. Etched using 2% nital. 4× More

Fig. 19 Longitudinal residual stress distribution across a flash butt welded induction-hardened railroad rail head. More

Fig. 19 Butt-welded and trimmed specimens. Aluminum-copper bars with cross sections of 5 × 15 mm (0.20 × 0.60 in.) and 10 × 100 mm (0.40 × 4.0 in.), respectively. Aluminum-aluminum sheet that is 0.3 × 35 mm (0.01 × 1.4 in.) More

Fig. 15 Simulated residual stress in a butt weld in two directions: (a) perpendicular and (b) parallel to the welding direction. (c) The calculations are compared with the measurements by x-ray diffraction and show good agreement. Source: Ref 49 More