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Published: 31 December 2017
Image
Macroscale brittle crack propagation due to combined mode I and mode II loa...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 32 Macroscale brittle crack propagation due to combined mode I and mode II loading. As cracks grow from the preexisting cracklike imperfection, crack curvature develops because of growth on a plane of maximum normal stress. Source: Ref 11
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Image
Scanning electron microscopy image showing the cleavage-type brittle crack ...
Available to Purchase
in Failure of Boilers and Related Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 47 Scanning electron microscopy image showing the cleavage-type brittle crack surface . Original magnification: 1000×
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Image
Macroscale brittle crack propagation due to combined mode I and mode II loa...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 33 Macroscale brittle crack propagation due to combined mode I and mode II loading. As cracks grow from the preexisting cracklike imperfection, crack curvature develops because of growth on a plane of maximum normal stress. Source: Ref 9
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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003543
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract Overload failures refer to the ductile or brittle fracture of a material when stresses exceed the load-bearing capacity of a material. This article reviews some mechanistic aspects of ductile and brittle crack propagation, including a discussion on mixed-mode cracking, which may also...
Abstract
Overload failures refer to the ductile or brittle fracture of a material when stresses exceed the load-bearing capacity of a material. This article reviews some mechanistic aspects of ductile and brittle crack propagation, including a discussion on mixed-mode cracking, which may also occur when an overload failure is caused by a combination of ductile and brittle cracking mechanisms. It describes the general aspects of fracture modes and mechanisms. The article discusses some of the material, mechanical, and environmental factors that may be involved in determining the root cause of an overload failure. It also presents examples of thermally and environmentally induced embrittlement effects that can alter the overload fracture behavior of metals.
Image
Brittle intergranular fracture of AISI 9254 due to quench cracking. The cra...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 540 Brittle intergranular fracture of AISI 9254 due to quench cracking. The crack initiated at a seam, 0.15 mm (0.006 in.) deep. The seam wall is the irregularly textured area at top in the fractograph. SEM, 200× (J.H. Maker, Associated Spring, Barnes Group Inc.)
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Book Chapter
Abrasive Wear Failures
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006790
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Abstract Engineered components fail predominantly in four major ways: fracture, corrosion, wear, and undesirable deformation (i.e., distortion). Typical fracture mechanisms feature rapid crack growth by ductile or brittle cracking; more progressive (subcritical) forms involve crack growth...
Abstract
Engineered components fail predominantly in four major ways: fracture, corrosion, wear, and undesirable deformation (i.e., distortion). Typical fracture mechanisms feature rapid crack growth by ductile or brittle cracking; more progressive (subcritical) forms involve crack growth by fatigue, creep, or environmentally-assisted cracking. Corrosion and wear are another form of progressive material alteration or removal that can lead to failure or obsolescence. This article primarily covers the topic of abrasive wear failures, covering the general classification of wear. It also discusses methods that may apply to any form of wear mechanism, because it is important to identify all mechanisms or combinations of wear mechanisms during failure analysis. The article concludes by presenting several examples of abrasive wear.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006777
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... to become the preferred path of crack growth. The article describes in more detail some typical mechanisms that cause IG fracture. It discusses the causes and effects of IG brittle cracking, dimpled IG fracture, IG fatigue, hydrogen embrittlement, and IG stress-corrosion cracking. The article presents...
Abstract
This article briefly reviews the factors that influence the occurrence of intergranular (IG) fractures. Because the appearance of IG fractures is often very similar, the principal focus is placed on the various metallurgical or environmental factors that cause grain boundaries to become the preferred path of crack growth. The article describes in more detail some typical mechanisms that cause IG fracture. It discusses the causes and effects of IG brittle cracking, dimpled IG fracture, IG fatigue, hydrogen embrittlement, and IG stress-corrosion cracking. The article presents a case history on IG fracture of steam generator tubes, where a lowering of the operating temperature was proposed to reduce failures.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006778
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... the general aspects of fracture modes and mechanisms. The article briefly reviews some mechanistic aspects of ductile and brittle crack propagation, including discussion on mixed-mode cracking. Factors associated with overload failures are discussed, and, where appropriate, preventive steps for reducing...
Abstract
This article aims to identify and illustrate the types of overload failures, which are categorized as failures due to insufficient material strength and underdesign, failures due to stress concentration and material defects, and failures due to material alteration. It describes the general aspects of fracture modes and mechanisms. The article briefly reviews some mechanistic aspects of ductile and brittle crack propagation, including discussion on mixed-mode cracking. Factors associated with overload failures are discussed, and, where appropriate, preventive steps for reducing the likelihood of overload fractures are included. The article focuses primarily on the contribution of embrittlement to overload failure. The embrittling phenomena are described and differentiated by their causes, effects, and remedial methods, so that failure characteristics can be directly compared during practical failure investigation. The article describes the effects of mechanical loading on a part in service and provides information on laboratory fracture examination.
Image
Cracking in a truck transmission housing ( example 3 ). (a) A typical crack...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 5 Cracking in a truck transmission housing ( example 3 ). (a) A typical crack at a stiffening rib. (b) An opened crack at a stiffening rib exhibited brittle features. (c) Longitudinal metallographic cross section showing secondary brittle cracking along the graphite flakes. 2% nital etch
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Image
Cracking in a truck transmission housing (Example 3). (a) Typical crack at ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 5 Cracking in a truck transmission housing (Example 3). (a) Typical crack at a stiffening rib. (b) An opened crack at a stiffening rib exhibited brittle features. (c) Longitudinal metallographic cross section showing secondary brittle cracking along the graphite flakes. 2% nital etch
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Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 1 Example of brittle fracture of welded ship structure. SS Schenectady , which fractured at its outfitting dock, was one of 19 Liberty ships that experienced brittle cracking of the welded structure.
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Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Example of brittle fracture of welded ship structure. S.S. Schenectady , which fractured at its outfitting dock, was one of several World War II ships that experienced brittle cracking of the welded structure. Source: Ref 2
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Image
Published: 01 January 2002
on other planes as well. Although the fracture surface appears fairly brittle, cracking is difficult in this alloy and fracture toughness is relatively high. Courtesy of Howard Nelson ( Ref 2 )
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Schematic illustration of chevron mark formation. Triaxial stresses acting ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2024
Fig. 23 Schematic illustration of chevron mark formation. Triaxial stresses acting at interior locations promote rapid, brittle crack growth, while plane-stress conditions near surfaces result in more ductile fracture and lower crack growth rates. A concave crack front results with respect
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Image
Egyptian vase photograph and x-ray radiograph showing extensive damage, mis...
Available to Purchase
in Fractography of Ancient Metallic Artifacts, and Restoration and Conservation Aspects
> Fractography
Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 7 Egyptian vase photograph and x-ray radiograph showing extensive damage, missing pieces, brittle cracking patterns, and hairline cracks (indicated by "A") following external decoration grooves. Courtesy of Ron Leenheer, Allard Pierson Museum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Roel Jansen
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Image
Brittle (a) and ductile (b) crack paths in a fractured quenched-and-tempere...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 21 Brittle (a) and ductile (b) crack paths in a fractured quenched-and-tempered low-alloy steel. Both etched with 2% nital. 800×
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Image
Quasi-brittle fatigue crack propagation in 3.2-mm (0.13-in.) thick polycarb...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 1317 Quasi-brittle fatigue crack propagation in 3.2-mm (0.13-in.) thick polycarbonate sheet. Arrow indicates direction of crack growth. At this thickness, polycarbonate shows features characteristic of both brittle (microcracking) and ductile (thinning and fibrillation) fracture. Note
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Image
Brittle (a) and ductile (b) crack paths in fractured low alloy steel specim...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 9 Brittle (a) and ductile (b) crack paths in fractured low alloy steel specimens (both electroless nickel-plated for edge preservation and etched with 2% nital).
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Image
Scanning electron image showing brittle fracture features at the crack init...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 26 Scanning electron image showing brittle fracture features at the crack initiation site, characteristic of environmental stress cracking. 24×
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