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brine quenching
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 1 AISI W1 tool steel austenitized at 800 °C (1475 °F), brine quenched, and tempered 2 h at 150 °C (300 °F). Black rings are hardened zones in 75, 50, and 25 mm (3, 2, and 1 in.) diameter bars. Core hardness decreases with increasing bar diameter (all one-half actual size). (a) Shallow
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 48 AISI W1 (1.05% C), 19 mm (0.75 in.) diam bars, brine quenched. (a) Hardened case microstructure. 64 HRC. Case contains as-quenched martensite and undissolved carbides. 4% picral. (b) 2% nital etch reveals martensite as dark rather than light. (c) Transition zone. 55 HRC. Martensite
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Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 5 Relation of hardness to brine concentration when still quenching end-quench specimens in a 99 °C (210 °F) brine solution. Numbers above curves indicate distance from quenched end in 1.6 mm ( 1 16 in.). Source: Ref 4
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 34 Relation of hardness to brine concentration when still-quenching, end quench specimens 90 °C (195 °F) brine solution. Number above curves indicate distance from quench end in units of 1/16 in. Adapted from Ref 14
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 8 Comparative case-depth and case-hardness data obtained for liquid carburizing process-control specimens made of three steels. (a) Data are for 11 mm diam by 6.4 mm (0.4375 in. diam by 0.25 in.) specimens carburized 2 h at 855 °C (1575 °F), brine quenched and tempered at 150 °C (300 °F
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 16 Example hardness distribution in eutectoid steel with average hardenability using a warm brine quench. Source: Ref 20
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in Heat Treating of Cold-Work Tool Steels—Low- and Un-Alloyed Water and Oil Hardening Steels
> Heat Treating of Irons and Steels
Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 10 Tempering characteristics of carbon-tungsten special-purpose tool steels tempered 2 h after being brine quenched
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 558 The heat treatment of this specimen was altered as follows: austenitized at 1205 °C (2200 °F) for 1 h, quench to 870 °C (1600 °F) and hold for 30 min, ice-brine quench, then refrigerate in liquid nitrogen. Fracture appears to have occurred by a combination of transgranular
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Published: 01 January 1986
Fig. 8 Case-hardened layer in W1 tool steel. Specimens were austenitized at 800 °C (1475 °F), brine quenched, and tempered 2 h at 150 °C (300 °F). Black rings are hardened zones. Etched using 50% hot HCl. Approximately 0.5×
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 548 Charpy impact fracture in 0.18C-3.85Mo steel after heat treatment in an inert atmosphere at 1200 °C (2190 °F) for 1 h, followed by an ice/10% brine quench. Many quasi-cleavage facets are visible. See Fig. 549 (an enlargement of the area in the rectangle). SEM, 300×
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 7 Case-hardened layer in W1 tool steel. Specimens were austenitized at 800 °C (1475 °F), brine quenched, and tempered 2 h at 150 °C (300 °F). Black rings are hardened zones. Etched using 50% hot HCl. Approximately 0.5×. Source: Ref 8
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 114 Example of specimens used in the Shepherd P-F test. The 19-mm ( 3 4 -in.) diam, 100-mm (4-in.) long specimen is shown at the bottom. The test consists of fracturing an austenitized and brine-quenched specimen. Case depth can be observed on the fracture. After fracture grain
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... discussed. The article discusses solute additions and several factors impacting quenching. brine quenching cooling rates heat transfer salt solutions MATERIAL PROPERTIES such as hardness, strength, ductility, and toughness are dependent on the microstructural qualities that are present...
Abstract
This article explains cooling mechanisms involving saltwater solutions used as quenchants. The analyses of cooling power include studies of cooling curves, heat-transfer coefficients, and cooling rates. The influence of other bath parameters, such as temperature and agitation, is also discussed. The article discusses solute additions and several factors impacting quenching.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005972
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... usually quenched in water (brine) or oil. Salt-bath quenching is used for some grades to perform martempering. The increasingly rapid quench rates of modern vacuum furnaces with high-pressure gas quenching allow the quenching of some of these grades, especially for smaller sections. The possibilities...
Abstract
This article provides a detailed discussion on various recommended heat treating practices, including normalizing, annealing, austenitizing, quenching, tempering, stress relieving, preheating, and martempering, for various low- and un-alloyed cold-work hardening tool steels. The steels discussed include water-hardening tool steels, shock-resisting tool steels, oil hardening cold-work tool steels, low-alloy special-purpose tool steels, and carbon-tungsten special-purpose tool steels.
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Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 16 Effect of brine concentration on hardness of end-quench specimens. Numbers indicate 1/16 in. increments from quench end. Note: End-quench specimens were not hardened using the standard Jominy end-quench test; specimens were quenched in still water at 100 °C (210 °F) with only the end
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005862
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
..., on quenching. It also describes various quenching methods for steel induction heat treating, namely, spray quenching, immersion quenching, self or mass quenching, and forced air quenching. The article also reviews quench system design and quenchants and their maintenance. brine quenching induction...
Abstract
Induction heating for hardening of steels has advantages from the standpoint of quenching because parts are individually processed in a controlled manner. This article provides information on the effect of agitation, temperature, hardening, residual stresses, and quenching media, on quenching. It also describes various quenching methods for steel induction heat treating, namely, spray quenching, immersion quenching, self or mass quenching, and forced air quenching. The article also reviews quench system design and quenchants and their maintenance.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001029
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... suited to very low hardenability steels include the hot-brine test and the surface-area-center (SAC) test. Hot-Brine Test In the hot-brine test proposed by Grange, coupons ( Fig. 5 ) are quenched in brine maintained at a series of different temperatures. As shown in Fig. 6 , the resulting...
Abstract
Hardenability of steel is the property that determines the depth and distribution of hardness induced by quenching. Hardenability is usually the single most important factor in the selection of steel for heat-treated parts. The hardenability of a steel is best assessed by studying the hardening response of the steel to cooling in a standardized configuration in which a variety of cooling rates can be easily and consistently reproduced from one test to another. These include the Jominy end-quench test, the carburized hardenability test, and the air hardenability test. Tests that are more suited to very low hardenability steels include the hot-brine test and the surface-area-center test. The article discusses the effects of varying carbon content as well as the influence of different alloying elements. It includes charts and a table that serve as a general steel hardenability selection guide.
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in H Steels and Steel Selection for Hardenability[1]
> Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 2 Correlation of equivalent cooling rates in the end-quenched hardenability specimen and round bars quenched in oil, water, and brine. Source: Refs 2 , 3 and 4 (Curves for quenching in brine and still water were calculated by J.L. Lamont, Iron Age, October 14, 1943; curve for water
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 2 Correlation of equivalent cooling rates in the end-quenched hardenability specimen and round bars quenched in oil, water, and brine. Source: Refs 2 , 3 and 4 (Curves for quenching in brine and still water were calculated by J.L Lamont, Iron Age, October 14, 1943; curve for water
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Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 7 Relation of hardness to the distance from the quenched end of specimens quenched in water and brine. Cooling power of brine is greater than water at 80 °C (180 °F). Source: Ref 4
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